Well Water Safety: A Study in Public Awareness and Testing Practices

Introduction. Few studies have been competed about barriers to testing drinking water from private wells. Although 30-50% of Vermont citizens use private wells for drinking water, there is no state testing requirement, and private well users may be exposed to a variety of potential health hazards. Objectives. To assess: public awareness of possible drinking water contamination, testing habits of private well users, and barriers to testing. Methods. We developed a voluntary and anonymous survey, distributed at Department of Health offices across Vermont, and other locations in Chittenden County, VT. Results. 284 surveys were analyzed, including 127 individuals using private wells. 55% of private water users have never had their water tested; those who tested primarily tested for bacteria (76%) and lead/heavy metals (60%). 32% of respondents with less than bachelor's degree ever had their water tested, significantly less than those with more education (59%; p<0.01). Individuals with children in the household were less likely to test than those without children (35% vs. 61%; p=0.018). Those with private water sources were less likely to use bottled water, than those on a public source (p=0.03). Most common preferences for additional information included flyers (among respondents with less education) and internet (among respondents with more education). Conclusion. More testing of private wells is needed. Educational level plays a significant role in water testing, barriers to testing, and awareness of testing recommendations. Additional visible public education specifically using flyers and the internet is needed. Study results indicate education should focus on households with children.