Rural Young MSM's Views of HIV Prevention: A Case Study

Background: About one-half of new HIV infections in the U.S. are among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Research concerning HIV risk among YMSM, particularly in rural communities, is limited. The intent of this case study was to explore and to describe the perspectives of rural YMSM residing in Southern Indiana regarding HIV/AIDS risks and prevention practices. Methods: Five YMSM between the ages of 18 and 21 were recruited from rural communities in Southern Indiana through area LGBT support organizations and were interviewed. This study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the views of these individuals. Results: Several participants shared commonalities and key concepts emerged in this case study. For instance, HIV/AIDS was not prominent in the lives of these young men. Also, consistent condom use was a normative belief among their peers but was not always practiced. Plus, the Internet provided a non-judgmental and comfortable forum for obtaining sexual health information. Conclusions: These stories illuminate both the successes and failures of public health education efforts in disseminating appropriate and accurate information on risks for and prevention practices of HIV. They also demonstrate the need for comprehensive approaches to HIV prevention for YMSM in rural communities.