Exploring Protective Processes among Runaway and Homeless Youth: The Role of Natural Mentors

Background: Prior studies have found that natural mentoring relationships can be a significant protective factor for adolescents, but the role of natural mentors has not been explicitly examined among runaway homeless youth (RHY). This study explores the presence of important non-parental adults or natural mentors among RHY and associations with social connectedness, self-esteem, and health status.

Methods: Youth ages 14 – 21 who were currently homeless or have experienced homelessness in the past 12 months (N = 144) were recruited from community agencies that serve RHY. Participants completed audio computer-assisted interview (ACASI) surveys about natural mentors, connectedness, self-esteem, health risk behaviors, and health status. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were conducted.

Results: Majority of participants (73.6%) reported having natural mentors; 41.9% non-kin, 26.4% kin, and 4.9% foster parents. Fifty-eight percent have known their mentors longer than one year and 45.8% connect with their mentors at least weekly. A natural mentoring relationship was associated with higher satisfaction in social support even with controlling for family connectedness. Those who were more connected with their mentors reported higher self-esteem, lower psychological distress, and higher levels of family connectedness.

Conclusion: Despite being marginalized, many RHY in this study are connected with non-parental adults who may serve as a critical source of social support. Findings have implications for public health nurses in promoting resilience among RHY by recognizing the contributions of important non-parental adults and exploring practices and policies to encourage meaningful connections among vulnerable youth and caring adults in the community.