A comparative study of the Cuban and US health systems: Maternal-child health hygiene interventions

Background: The purpose of this abstract is to compare the Cuban and US healthcare systems to discover the differences between “hygiene” measures in Cuba and interventions in the US that decrease morbidity and mortality in maternal-child health.

Methods: Data was gathered through observation and interviews with Cuban public health officials, including physicians, nurses, and citizens. US data was collected using data available through the United Nations. Data included both quantitative and qualitative methods, and statistical and theme analysis were used.

Results: In Cuba, there are several programs that shape the health of maternal-child health. Health interventions for the mother and child are considered “hygiene” interventions and include the policlinico, maternity home, and vaccination program. The policlinico provides preventive or hygiene-type care. Maternity homes provide comprehensive, residential care for at-risk mothers until the initiation of labor. An inclusive vaccine program provides continued support to the mother and child post delivery. The three discussed differences within the Cuban system contribute to positive health outcomes as indicated by maternal-child health outcomes indicate the decrease in morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the US system lacked many comprehensive healthcare programs focusing on hygiene and preventive care.

Conclusions: Research should be conducted to examine the strengths and weaknesses within the Cuban health system that contribute to positive health outcomes for maternal-child health. Policy implications for the US may exist that could strengthen the US health systems' response to maternal-child health, such as piloting programs that stress hygiene and preventive care.