Evaluation of Policy, Systems, and Built Environment Efforts through the use of Community-Based Observations

Background: The Pima County Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) initiative seeks to address the environmental and policy factors related to obesity prevention. In some communities with diverse populations such as Pima County, Arizona high levels of disparity exist between ethnic groups. To address health disparities, community partners identified 10-15 geographically distinct areas for intensive efforts based on low socioeconomic status. For baseline and descriptive purposes profiles were developed for each community as a means of assessing how locally driven efforts to bring resources can impact environmental and systems level factors related to nutrition and physical activity. Methods: A neighborhood observation tool was created to capture community attributes including churches, child care, vacant space, food deserts and recreational facilities. The tool also included photo documentation and extensive food vendor and park assessment forms. Pairs of evaluators conducted the assessment by surveying the neighborhood perimeter, conducting interior assessments of food establishments and parks, and driving systematically throughout each street. Results: Written and photographic observations (n=11) were integrated into community profiles, capturing both assets and opportunities for improvement. Overall, communities were rich in recreational facilities; however, many were closed to the public. Food resources were available in most areas, yet nutritional options remain limited. Profiles were shared with intervention teams and neighborhood representatives. Conclusions: Secondary and primary data collection related to the physical activity and nutrition environment at the neighborhood level will aid stakeholders in their decision-making process as they plan for action.