Social Connectedness as a Predictor of Sexual Behavior among Homeless Youth: Exploring Gender Differences

Background: Social connectedness can have protective effects on adolescent functioning including reproductive health. In comparison with their nonhomeless peers, homeless youth face significantly higher risks for contracting STIs and having unwanted pregnancies. Exploring social connectedness among homeless youth could elucidate important factors for reducing sexual risks among this population. Understanding gender differences could help tailor interventions that address the unique developmental needs of male and female adolescents and young adults. Methods: Homeless youth ages 14 – 21 (N = 197) were recruited from community agencies and street locations. Participants completed surveys (audio-CASI) about social connectedness (family, natural mentors, prosocial peers) and sexual behaviors (both risky and protective sexual behaviors). Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: Male and female participants did not differ in levels of social connectedness; 89% (n = 175) reported having had sexual intercourse. Higher levels of social connectedness were associated with less risky sexual behaviors and higher protective sexual behaviors (use of condoms and self-efficacy about birth control use). When examining gender differences, having natural mentors predicted less risky sexual behaviors among female participants only. In addition, affiliation with prosocial peers predicted higher protective sexual behaviors among female but not male participants. Conclusion: Social connectedness may have special benefits for female homeless youth. Young women experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation. These findings have important implications for the provision of social support for homeless youth, especially young women, and support interventions that seek to connect youth with prosocial peers and adults.