Developing a model of resilience among members of the Los Angeles House and Ball communities

Background: We are well into the third decade of the HIV epidemic. While strides have been made in HIV prevention, rates for African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) and young AAMSM continue to increase – perhaps indicating that traditional deficit-approaches of HIV prevention are not effective for all populations. Following a recent call to investigate the resiliency of young gay men, this study identifies sources of resiliency and strength within the House and Ball communities, a subculture comprised primarily of AAMSM. Methods: The mixed-methods design included survey data (N=263) collected at community events, interviews with Ball attendees, and focus group data with House members (N=8 focus groups with a total of 45 participants). Results: Survey data indicate a relationship between participating in the House and Ball communities and seeking support, acceptance and entertainment. Qualitative data validate these findings and provide detail on motivations for AAMSM to participate and the perceived benefits of participation including validation, creativity, support and recognition. These constructs may be the ideal basis for developing HIV prevention interventions for young AAMSM. Discussion/Conclusion: Findings are discussed in relation to building strengths-based HIV interventions, using concepts of resiliency including shamelessness (as evidenced by celebration and pride of oneself as seen at Ball events); social creativity (as evidenced by the presence of fictive kin relationships of House parents); social support (as evidenced by the sense of support received through Houses and camaraderie at the Balls); and volunteerism (as evidenced by House parents giving back to their communities).