Pilot study of the family effects of occupational injury

Background: In 2010, over half of U.S. private sector occupational injuries and illnesses resulted in lost time, job transfer, or work restrictions. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic, social, and psychological effects on the family members of individuals who suffered a work-related injury. Methods: Telephone survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 34 family members of injured workers from a municipal occupational health clinic. Instruments included the SF-12, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Of the 34 participants, the majority were women (71%), non-white (77%), high school graduates (88%), employed (56%), and spouses/partners of workers (68%). Less than half (43%) took unpaid time off and 5% utilized the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA). Family members reported they spent more money (33%), paid more for medical expenses (22%), experienced decreased income (46%), missed social activities (52%), and felt more stress (62%). CES-D scores suggested more than half felt depressed. Elevated mean PSS scores (M= 23.24, SD= 7.62) indicated high levels of perceived stress. However, SPS scores (M= 23.35, SD= 5.76) implied an ability to concentrate and accomplish work. Conclusion: This pilot study explored the personal/social costs of occupational injuries on family members. Workplace injuries may affect family members' home life through increased expenditures and stress, and decreased income and socialization. Healthcare providers may want to address such challenges by informing injured workers of FMLA and other assistance programs, including referrals for counseling services.