Engineering robust devices for pneumonia diagnosis in resource limited settings

Background: In the developing world, the success of medical devices depends not only on functionality and usability but also affordability, durability as well as socio-economic and culture-conscious implementation strategies. The design, implementation and optimization of the devices therefore need to respond to a variety of engineering and contextual criteria for successful adaptation and sustainability. Purpose: To describe criteria for identifying each factor necessary to insure sustainable success and broad acceptance. We will focus on two technologies developed in the lab that aid pneumonia triage and diagnosis in a variety of settings in the developing world.

Information used and major results: We will provide a case study on the development of a robust, low-cost, solar-powered pulse oximeter, which addresses each challenge currently preventing conventional pulse oximetry from being used in resource-poor settings. At scale, the device can be manufactured for less than $20, is made of durable polycarbonate, uses a rechargeable cell phone battery that can be charged via a solar panel, and can be used on patients of all ages, from neonates to adults. We will also discuss a modular respiratory rate monitor that is built upon surveys conducted by UNICEF. Our device utilizes piezoelectric transducers to deliver accurate, motion-artifact resistant readings of breathing rate. The monitor is ultra-low-power, also utilizing solar panels, and, unlike other respiratory rate technology, does not require any replacement parts.

Recommendations: Taken together, these two systems will provide our perspective on general criteria for sustainable development and adaptation of robust devices in resource-limited settings.