Patient perceptions and an intervention for African American Women with or at risk for cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant one for African American (AA) women. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of African American women, 18-60 years of age diagnosed with CVD regarding barriers to care and factors related to achieving desired health outcomes. The qualitative study used focus groups facilitated by a researcher guided by a set of open ended questions developed from a review of the literature. Audiotapes of the focus groups were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was conducted. Participants expressed confusion and concern about medication use, diet and self-management of diabetes. Some admitted to missing medication doses and mentioned challenges with getting medications refilled. A few commented that taking medication made them tired and not want to exercise. Many stressed difficulty adopting a diet that would allow them to lose weight or maintain a better blood sugar level. Several indicated family support was important to their efforts to take medication, eat better and try to be physically active. The AA women with CVD were able to clearly indentify the areas of self-care management with which they needed assistance to improve their health outcomes. Information obtained in the focus groups was used to develop a patient-centered intervention for the management and prevention of CVD among AA women who are patients of two nurse-managed health centers. The intervention uses registered nurse care managers to assist each patient enrolled in the study to develop a self-care plan with monthly goals.