Examination of Food Insecurity among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam

Objective: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) are at-risk for malnutrition, which can contribute to a poorer health outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of a scale that measures food insecurity and examine food insecurity among PLWH in Vietnam. Little data exist about food insecurity among those living in Vietnam as well as those with HIV/AIDS. Methods: A sample of 80 PLWH was recruited from an outpatient HIV clinic in Vietnam. An adapted version of the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module was administered in Vietnamese. Rasch analysis was conducted in order to evaluate its psychometric characteristics in this population. Results: Relative severity scores on the questions in the scale indicated showed that the data follow the theoretical framework, which purports that the quality of the foods is initially affected by food insecurity, followed by a negative impact on the quantity consumed, and finally ending in the presence of hunger, weight loss, and/or starvation. Most of the questions had INFIT values within an adequate range, with the exception of one question (balanced meals). Furthermore, after assessing for food security, over 21% (n=17) were found to be food insecure. Conclusion: The food security scale showed potential applicability among PLWH in Vietnam. Additionally, although a majority reported being food secure, food insecurity remains an issue for many and ultimately, can impact their health status. Further research needs to include a larger sample size and an in-depth review of culturally appropriate terminology used in the scale.