Exploring the nature of multiple concurrent partnerships in Tanzania

In 2010, an estimated 22.5 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for more than two-thirds of global HIV/AIDS cases (UNAIDS, 2010). Empirical studies in the region demonstrate that multiple concurrent partnerships (MCPs) may play a key role in the spread of HIV/AIDS (Enns et al., 2011). In Tanzania, MCPs have been identified as a key driver of the epidemic, yet few studies have examined the phenomenon (Rwayemamu, D., 2008). The present study explored the nature of MCPs in Tanzania, with a focus on knowledge and language surrounding MCPs, as well as methods for relationship improvement and MCP reduction. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs; 4 with men, 4 with women) were conducted across four regions (Mara, Shinyanga, Iringa and Dar es Salaam). Participants were ages 25-39 currently in a relationship and residing in urban and peri-urban areas. FGDs were transcribed, translated into English, and coded for relevant themes. Preliminary findings provide insight into: (1) reasons for monogamy versus MCPs, (2) meanings of what it is to be “faithful”, including expectations for married and cohabitating women and men, (3) perceived consequences of MCPs, including perceptions of HIV/AIDS risk, and (4) important relationship domains (e.g. emotional, financial, sexual) and relationship-improvement techniques (such as increased communication) that may reduce MCP occurrence. Findings from this study contribute important knowledge about the nature of MCPs in Tanzania, which may be used by researchers and practitioners involved in HIV prevention in Tanzania.