Factors associated with use of slip-resistant shoes in U.S. limited-service restaurant workers

Objectives: Slips and falls are a leading cause of injury at work. Several studies have indicated that slip-resistant shoes can reduce the risk of occupational slips and falls. Few studies, however, have examined the determinants of slip-resistant shoe use. This study examined the individual and workplace factors associated with slip-resistant shoe use. Methods: 475 workers from 36 limited-service restaurants in the U.S. participated in a study of workplace slipping. Demographic and job characteristic information about each participant was collected. Restaurant managers provided information on whether slip-resistant shoes were provided and paid for by the employer, and whether any guidance was given regarding slip-resistant shoe use when they were not provided. Kitchen floor coefficient of friction (COF) was measured. Slip-resistant status of the shoes was determined by noting the presence of a “slip-resistant” marking on the sole. Poisson regression with robust standard error was used to calculate prevalence ratios. Results: 320 participants wore slip-resistant shoes (67%). In the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of slip-resistant shoe use was the lowest in 15-19 year age group. Women were more likely to wear slip-resistant shoes (Prevalence Ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07 - 1.31). Use of slip-resistant shoes was lower when no guidance regarding slip-resistant shoes was given as compared to when they were provided by the employer (Prevalence Ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.55 - 0.79). Conclusion: Provision of slip-resistant shoes was the strongest predictor of their use. Given their effectiveness and low cost, employers should consider providing slip-resistant shoes at work.