“trust as insurance”: The use of traditional risk management schemes to address financial barriers to the utilization of emergency referral services in rural communities of northern Ghana

Margaret L. Schmitt, MPH1, Robert Alrigia, MPH2, Rofina Asuru, RN, MPH3, Sneha Patel, MSW, MPH4 and James Phillips, PhD, MSc4
(1)Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, (2)Ghana Health Service, Bolgatanga, Ghana, (3)Ghana Health Service, Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana, (4)Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY