Lenses of health disparities and inequities in San Diego county

Background/Purpose Despite attempts on reducing gaps in illness, injury, risk behaviors, healthcare access, and premature death, significant differences in health outcomes still exist among select populations. The purpose of this study was to examine disparities and health inequities among San Diego County residents by race/ethnicity, gender, age, and geography.

Methods Using the State of California's Emergency Department Discharge, Patient Discharge, and Death Statistical Master Files databases, as well as the California Health Interview Survey, we analyzed differences in chronic disease, communicable disease, maternal and child health, and injury outcomes. In addition to health outcomes, we analyzed associated risk factors and behaviors associated with these health outcomes.

Results/Outcomes Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, Black residents were at significantly (1.2 to 1.8 times, on average) higher risk for chronic disease, communicable disease, poor maternal and child health, and injury in 2009. Females were at higher risk for chronic and communicable disease (1.2 times on average), compared to males. Residents aged 65+ years at higher risk for injury (1.5 times on average) and residents in the very urban areas were at increased risk for poor health outcomes (1.2 times on average).

Conclusions Significant disparities in health outcomes exist within San Diego County. Identifying these disparities and health inequities among select populations are a critical step in our moral obligation to address health equity. As the County of San Diego moves forward with its Live Well, San Diego! initiative, this analysis will help shape policies and priorities related to the health of residents.