National study of chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP): One year changes in health outcomes for older adults

Background. The growing prevalence of older adults with multiple chronic conditions places additional burden on the U.S. healthcare system, which may exacerbate negative outcomes for seniors in terms of healthcare interactions and health outcomes. Although disease management is especially important for older adults, few national studies have documented how the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) benefits this population over time.

Methods. The purpose of the study was to examine how the National Study of CDSMP (National Study) improves healthcare and health-related outcomes among adults aged 65 years or older (n=687). Participants were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Changes in healthcare outcomes (i.e., communication with physicians, medication compliance) and health outcomes (i.e., depression, self-assessed health) were observed over time. Linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess changes from baseline to 12-month follow-up.

Results. On average, study participants were age 74.8 years (±6.8) and reported having 2.9 (±1.6) chronic conditions at baseline. From baseline to 12-month follow-up, significant improvements were observed for healthcare outcomes: communication with physicians (p<0.001) and medication compliance (p=0.021). Significant improvements were also observed for health outcomes: depression (p<0.001), self-assessed health (p=0.035), and unhealthy physical days (p<0.001).

Conclusion. Findings indicate CDSMP can positively influence healthcare and health-related outcomes. Thus, concerted efforts are needed to integrate CDSMP into existing healthcare systems and community services to ensure the program is available and accessible to the rapidly increasing population of older adults with chronic conditions.