Barriers to physical activity for adults living in the group home setting

Background: Little is known about physical activity (PA) barriers unique to the group home (GH) environment, where a large number of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) reside. The purpose of this study was to conduct focus groups with GH stakeholders (i.e., residents with IDD, support staff, and program coordinators) to understand the barriers influencing PA for residents. Methods: Participants included five residents with IDD (range 26-65 years), six program coordinators (range 20-54 years), and six support staff (range 20-28 years). Each group of participants completed a separate focus group lasting 45-60 minutes. A phenomenological approach was adopted and trustworthiness was established through investigator and site triangulation, utilization of a critical friend, and stakeholder checks. A cross-case analysis was completed to identify themes and conceptual patterns. Results: The hierarchical themes that emerged included:(1) Operational barriers, (2) Resident personal barriers, (3) Staff/family attitudinal barriers, (4) Cost, (5) Lack of community options, and (6) Weather. GH staff and program coordinators explained that busy schedules, limited staff, and staff turnover were concerns for promoting PA. Physical limitations, age, and lack of motivation were identified as resident personal barriers, along with staff and residents' resistance to change established routines. Staff and family's negative support for PA were also discussed. Conclusion: There are currently no health promotion programs focusing on changing the GH environment to help facilitate PA for residents. Thus, researchers should utilize these findings to create PA programs designed to overcome the unique barriers of the GH setting.