For or against same-sex marriage and meanings ascribed to “family” among heterosexual adults

Background: The meaning and nature of intimate relationships is inextricably connected to attitudes about “family” and family-formation. We explore how heterosexual individuals' positions on same-sex marriage policies align (or not) with their definitions of “family,” prior to passage of the NYC Marriage Equality Act.

Methods: We used data from 200 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of women and men in NYC and NJ. Interviews explored factors influencing family formation focusing on intimate relationships (dating, cohabitation, marriage) and childbearing. We asked: “If you were voting today on whether same-sex marriage should be legal, would you vote in support of or against it?” Additionally, we had individuals define “family.” The analysis centers on definitions of family vis-à-vis positions on same-sex marriage, including stratification by gender, race/ethnicity, income, and relationship status.

Results: The majority (78%) were in support of same-sex marriage. Sub-group analysis indicated those more likely to be opposed included men, African-American/Black, and married respondents; a larger proportion of Hispanics were unsure of their position. Respondents' definition of family suggests three themes: general notions of family values, or what one “gets from or does for” family; “goals” or importance of family formation based on ideals or reality; and, composition of family (ie, who “counts”). We further explore the extent to which these themes align with language used to describe same-sex marriage viewpoints.

Conclusions: Greater knowledge of contemporary definitions of “family” and political stances on marriage across sexual orientations and identities will inform a deeper understanding of family formation in this country.