Oral health status, behaviors and knowledge among HIV-positive children in addis ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction: Data on oral health status in Ethiopia is scarce especially among marginalized children. Methods: A cross sectional study using a comprehensive questionnaire and oral exam of 132 children aged 6-15 was performed in Addis Ababa in summer 2011 to assess oral health practices, gross dental decay, and barriers to oral health. Results: Overwhelming majority were HIV-positive and orphaned. Mean age was 10 years; 50% female. 48% didn't brush teeth and only 43% brushed once a day. Majority continued to consume sugary food despite the knowledge of its relationship with dental decay. 55% had between 2-13 dental caries, and 52% showed bleeding upon brushing. 78% didn't clean between teeth and were more likely to consume sugary food (p<0.05) and to have oral pain within last 6 months (p<0.01). Males were more likely to clean teeth and have knowledge of relationship between sugary food and dental decay (p<0.05). Positive view of health of teeth and gum was correlated with knowledge about sugary food. Children were more likely to have decreased number of teeth when no one had taught them how to brush, and/or brushing tools were expensive. Logistic regression did not produce any other significant correlations. Conclusions: High rates of gross decay and gum diseases among children are worrisome. Global oral health has been overlooked especially among marginalized populations that face significant barriers for preventative and curative oral care. Targeted health education programs and better access to preventive tools and dental care for orphans and HIV affected children is warranted.