Comparing front-of-package food labeling systems

Introduction: Many different front-of-package (FOP) and shelf-tag labeling systems are in use worldwide, but it remains unclear which labeling strategies are most effective at communicating information to consumers. This study aimed to examine five different FOP labeling systems and determine which one is most likely to 1) promote quick and accurate understanding of the nutritional profiles of packaged foods; and 2) influence consumer intent to purchase healthier products.

Methods: 600 adult participants were recruited for an online study and randomized to one of the following six FOP label conditions: 1) no label; 2) a multiple traffic light; 3) a single traffic light; 4) a food industry label; 5) a third party supermarket shelf-tag label; or 6) a 0-3 point star symbol (proposed in the IOM report on FOP labeling). The primary study outcomes include the healthfulness of products chosen in a shopping task, the accuracy of identifying the healthier of two food products and estimating amounts of saturated fat, sugar, sodium, fiber and protein in foods, and the amount of time taken to make nutritional judgments. Consumer perceptions of health, taste, and purchase intent will also be compared.

Results: Results of ANOVA analyses comparing differences in the primary outcome measures among FOP groups will be presented.

Conclusions: The results from this study can inform national and international policy efforts to recommend and/or implement a uniform, FOP labeling system on food products.