Relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV infection: A critical appraisal

Background: Although intimate partner violence (IPV) has been linked to increased risks for HIV infection among women, there is limited evidence base for this hypothesis. To critically appraise this relationship, a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence were undertaken. Methods: Major online databases, including Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO (PsycINFO and CINAHL), and Ovid were searched up to November 2012. Findings: Pooled results of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that physical violence ([ORs 95% CI]: 1.44 (1.10-1.72), sexual violence ([ORs 95% CI]: 2.54 (0.60-10.80), a combination of physical and sexual violence ([ORs 95% CIs]: 2.00 (1.24, 3.22), and any type of IPV ([ORs 95% CI]: 1.71 (1.91-2.44) had marked negative impact on HIV infection among women. Cohort studies demonstrated the most marked impact of any kind IPV on HIV infection ([RRs 95% CI]: 2.51 (1.12-5.59). Interpretation: There is a need for HIV/AIDS prevention and care programs to include IPV assessment, counseling, and management. Carefully designed, high quality follow-up studies are needed to further validate the IPV-HIV infection hypothesis.