Mental health, risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse amongst incarcerated African American men: A qualitative study

The intersection of mental health, risky sexual behaviors and substance abuse is often overlooked in the African American community. This is especially true among disenfranchised groups of the community such as those that are homeless or incarcerated. A qualitative study of incarcerated, substance abusing African American men was conducted. Twenty-one men were recruited and followed for four weeks following their release from jail. Data were obtained via focus groups, individual interviews, and audio diaries focusing on substance abuse, social support, risky sexual behaviors, and resources. The data were transcribed and managed using Nvivo 8. A content analysis was performed yielding themes such as low self-esteem and depression leading to abusing substances as a means of self-medication and to higher activity of risky sexual behaviors. Both substance abuse and engaging in risky sexual behaviors often lead to re-arrests which would in turn lead back to unresolved mental health issues; therefore, continuing a cycle of arrests, risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse. These behaviors were often mirrored by the participant's support system, typically other substance abusers. Severed or damaged family ties were related to depression and substance abuse. Participants reported not using substances once around family and positive support. Findings support the need for mental health assessment and intervention. This coupled with promoting mental health awareness among this population can have a positive impact on substance abuse, recidivism, and sexual health practices.