Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Females and its Correlation with Fetal Mortality in Rural Areas of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan

Background: This research was conducted in the Karakorum Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan to identify the primary causes of anemia and to evaluate its correlation with fetal mortality rate among pregnant women.

Methods: Five months study included 150 pregnant women aged 15-40 years. Questionnaire was filled during prenatal medical examination. Serum ferreting test was used as diagnostic test for Iron deficiency, Serum B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ and CBC test for hemoglobin level. SPSS was used for data analysis.

Results: 85% mothers had anemia with highest percentage in age group of 25-40. 90% of these were in third trimester of pregnancy. 40% of these were illiterate whereas 50% were under 25 years. 80- 40% pregnant females had less than normal values of PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. 60% of anemic patients reflected a significant correlation in prevalence of anemia and poor dietary habits. The main causes of anemia were linked to poor socio-economic conditions leading to poor dietary habits (including excessive intake of tea, less consumption of red meat and Iron rich fruits and vegetables), high incidences of GIT diseases, abortions and multi-parity. 50% were not taking any iron supplements and 20% were facing the menorrhagia problem. Fetal mortality rate was found inversely proportional to Hb level; 25% in severely anemic group, 45% in moderate and 30% in mild anemic mothers.

Conclusion: In underprivileged areas, Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional problem and the most common cause of anemia because of poor dietary habits, poor prenatal care and other socio-economic reasons.