Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among Arab American women: A qualitative study

Knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening practices is often limited among Arab women living in the Middle East. To our knowledge, there have been no studies conducted that have sought to examine the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening practices in Arab women residing in the United States. The primary objective of this qualitative study is to assess cultural, religious, and psychosocial factors related to perceptions of cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, and human papillomavirus (HPV) among Arab American women. We hope to identify specific beliefs and processes that may inhibit Arab American women from obtaining regular cervical cancer screening, and to draw a comparison between the Arab immigrant and non-immigrant beliefs that may pose barriers to cervical cancer screening or may facilitate cervical cancer screening.

In-depth interviews with 25 immigrant and non-immigrant Arab American women living in the San Diego county of California are being conducted. Thus far, 11 interviews have been conducted and transcribed for analysis. Preliminary analysis suggests the following themes: (1) Arab American women are at a disadvantage with regard to information on cervical cancer and Pap screening, and (2) they are also less likely to exhibit healthcare-seeking behaviors on a more broad level. This may potentially underscore the need for further research that may help to identify potential barriers and facilitators to Pap testing in Arab American women. We also hope to allow for future interventions that aim to educate Arab American women on cervical cancer and its screening practices.