Preventive Service Utilization among those with Blindness or Low Vision

Background: Blindness or low vision (BLV) is a condition that has substantial implications for independent living and is associated with poorer health, reduced access to health care services, and mental health issues. 

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of BLV and the association between BLV status and receipt of United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended services among US adults.

Methods:  Pooled data from the 2000-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to estimate nationally representative BLV prevalence and receipt of USPSTF services (mammography, Pap test, colorectal cancer screening, influenza vaccinations, cholesterol tests) among adults with and without BLV. Eligibility for services was based upon gender, age, and year received according to USPSTF recommendations. Descriptive statistics and adjusted odds ratios were estimated. Covariates included demographic characteristics and health related variables.

Findings: The prevalence of BLV among those 18 years or older was 0.38%.  Controlling for other factors those with BLV were less likely to have a colorectal cancer screening (aOR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49-0.89)) or cholesterol test (aOR:0.62 (95% CI: 0.45-0.87)), more likely to have an influenza vaccination (aOR: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03-1.62)); and equally likely to have a mammogram or Pap test compared with those without BLV.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that adults with BLV, compared with those without, are less likely to receive USPSTF recommended screenings for cholesterol and colorectal cancer.  Additional research is needed to ascertain the reasons behind the differences.