Cardboard Commentary: A Qualitative Analysis of the Signs of People Experiencing Homelessness

Background: In 2014, the US overall homelessness rate fell, however the rate in individual cities and states ranged from 8-106 per 10,000 (31 states saw decreases, 20 saw increases). It has been estimated that 5-40% of people experiencing homelessness solicit donations (food, money, or other goods/services). People soliciting assistance often use handmade signs which articulate perceived need. Little is understood about the solicitation experience and prior work has not examined regional differences in messaging.

Methods: A Dallas artist has been purchasing signs for 20+ years and has created several art exhibits with the goal of raising awareness of the homeless experience. During the summer of 2014, he visited 24 cities to purchase signs from people soliciting assistance in public places for his current project: We Are All Homeless.  All signs (n=292) were photographed and the text was transcribed verbatim. Using NVIVO 10, we conducted a secondary qualitative thematic analysis of the signs. All transcripted signs were double-coded and organized into thematic categories. Patterns based on city were examined.

Results: Analysis of transcripts yielded several thematic categories including disability, faith, family, health, humor, hunger and military service. Regional differences were apparent, for example the use of faith and humor in signs varied by city.  

Discussion: Researchers and artists can collaborate to shed light on the perceived need of those soliciting assistance.  This unique collaboration demonstrates the value of bridging artistic and academic spheres. This work may inform targeted interventions to improve health outcomes for this underserved community.