Etiology of Gender-based Violence Among Latino Immigrants: Negotiating Changes in Context and Culture

Background: Residents of Langley Park, MD, a Latino immigrant enclave near Washington, DC, experience significant gender-based violence (GBV) disparities. Studies exploring GBV etiology among Latino immigrants using a trajectory approach, which examines experiences in the origin country and in the U.S., are limited. Fewer studies have identified GBV social determinants, considering contributors from all social-ecological model (SEM) levels.

Methods: We conducted a study (2008-2011) that explored GBV among Latinos in Langley Park. Fifty-six semi-structure interviews were conducted with men/women, ages 15-60. Respondents were asked about GBV in the origin country, during migration, and while in the U.S. We explored factors in the following domains: individual; family/partner/household; community/neighborhood; and social-cultural. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed using QSR NVivo. Key findings from the interviews are presented.

Results:Participants identified contributors at multiple SEM levels. Individual factors (depression, alcohol consumption, legal status) and relationship circumstances (temporary relationships, sequential migration, employment, infidelity) were mentioned. Participants identified community-level factors (limited services, undocumented population) and adjustment to a new social-cultural context (gender role norms, rights of women, more strictly enforced laws protecting women) as factors contributing to GBV.

Conclusions: Study findings enhance the knowledge base of GBV etiology among Latino immigrants in the U.S. Findings have implications for service providers and policy regarding the health of new immigrants. It is imperative to increase access to services that are responsive to contributing factors identified in this study. Immigrant GBV disparities must be understood and addressed using a trajectory approach, recognizing home country and U.S. experiences.