Systematic Review of Reproductive Health Services Provision for Nomadic Populations

Background: Nomads are among the most geographically isolated, socially marginalized, and educationally disadvantaged populations worldwide.  Logistical challenges keep them off the radar of government health ministries and public health planners.  This systematic review assesses current literature related to health service provision for nomadic populations, with special focus around issues of reproductive health. 

Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed and Web of Science were reviewed for key terms including “nomads”, “pastoralists”,  “health services”, and “reproductive health”. The review included quantitative and qualitative studies published between 1980-2014, and excluded studies of displaced persons and refugees. Information was then analyzed to identify recurrent themes, services and theoretical applications.

Results: The review yielded approximately 100 studies.  A large proportion of studies focused on Sub-Saharan Africa contexts.  Analysis of these studies identified commonalities in theoretical frameworks and the types of health services provided. Studies revealed very little information on reproductive health in this population.  A significant amount of work was concentrated on three main areas, 1) identification of specific negative health outcomes 2) affect of changes in ecological or pastoral environments 3) gendering of health resources.   

Conclusion: Nomads are an underserved and understudied population due to logistical challenges. Yet as a group they are faced with some of the most pressing public health concerns of modern times.  This review indicates that services provided to nomads are minimal, leaving people at risk for complications not present in their non-nomadic counterparts.  Gaps in the literature of health services provision, specifically for reproductive health must be addressed.