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Maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy and the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age -meta-analyses
Method: The authors reviewed observational studies from 1990 through February 2015 indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The authors retrieved additional articles through hand search of reference lists. The authors used fixed and random effect models in STATA to pool ORs and associated 95% confidence intervals comparing pregnant mothers with heavy and moderate alcohol intake to abstinent or light drinkers.
Result: A total of 208,519 mother-infant dyads including: 89,763 participants from 7 cohort, 9,262 from 5 case-control, and 109,494 from 8 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. With regard to cohort studies, compared to abstainers, heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy is directly associated with increased risk of preterm birth, OR (95%CIs): 2.10(1.58, 2.79), but not with IUGR, LBW or SGA, OR: 1.14 (0.48,2.70), 1.51 (0.67,3.39), 0.95(0.59,1.53), respectively. Moderate alcohol intake was inversely associated with risk of preterm birth and SGA in case-control studies, OR:0.80 (0.66, 0.97), 0.83 (0.71, 0.97). In case-control and cross-sectional studies, heavy alcohol intake was directly associated with risk of LBW, OR: 1.70 (1.03, 2.80), 1.74 (1.12, 2.72), respectively.
Conclusion: Heavy alcohol intake during pregnancy is significantly associated with increased risk of LBW and preterm birth while moderate alcohol intake lowered risk of preterm birth and SGA. Expecting mothers should limit alcohol consumption to one alcoholic drink per day or abstain all together.
Learning Areas:
EpidemiologyPublic health or related education
Public health or related research
Social and behavioral sciences
Learning Objectives:
Differentiate the effects of moderate and heavy alcohol intake during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes
Identify alcohol as an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes
Assess the impact of different levels of drinking during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes.
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use, Maternal and Child Health
Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I have done an extensive review of published literature on the impact of alcohol on pregnancy outcomes for this presentation.I am interested in MCH and this work is grounded in my interest in maternal and child health and is related with my previous studies. I am studying the impacts of nutrition, alcohol and biomarkers on public health outcomes.I am a principal investigator of some published papers on the impact of nutrition on health outcomes.
Any relevant financial relationships? No
I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.