When you can't “just rub some dirt on it!” Injury prevention and policy accounting for how masculinity interacts with concussions in boys and men

Extensive review of the literature suggests there is a well-established body of literature concerning head injury/trauma, particularly concussions. Concussions are common in daily life, but especially in sports and recreational activities. Rates of concussions are fairly similar between males and females, however, males are far less likely to report a concussive incident and therefore receive less care and follow-up. The long-term consequences of concussions are largely unknown, however, and emerging body of evidence suggests marked cognitive and structural changes occur within the brain. Cases of depression, uncharacteristic behaviors, and even homicide and suicide have been suggested to be linked to previous instances of concussions, particularly in males. There is a need to understand how social norms and intrapersonal understanding, such as masculinity, impact how boys and men experience concussions. Implications and policies for education and prevention, proper and improper recognition and management, and long-term treatment will be presented and discussed. The theoretical underpinnings as to how masculine norms interact with concussions will be presented and discussed. Last, evidence-based, practical strategies and solutions to navigate concussions in light of masculinity will be discussed with the practitioner in mind.