We Real Cool: The Intersection of Race, Masculinity, and Parenting among New Young Fathers

Transitioning into parenthood may be challenging for young men who are growing into their “manhood”, affecting their expectations and experiences of parenting. Few studies have evaluated the influence of masculine norms on parenting among young fathers, and whether it may be moderated by race/ethnicity. Data were derived from a cohort of young males (Mean, 21.1; SD: 3.67; N=197) and their pregnant female partners followed from pregnancy into the postpartum period. We assessed masculine norms (i.e. status, toughness, and anti-femininity) as well as parental involvement, evaluation of parenting tasks, life changes due to parenting, and parental sense of competence. Multiple regression analyses suggest that higher status scores were associated with more parental involvement, higher evaluation, and competence. Toughness scores were significantly related to less parental involvement and fewer life changes. Higher anti-femininity scores were associated with greater life changes. Further, there was a significant interaction such that Latino young men with higher scores of toughness had fewer life changes compared to young Black fathers. Young fathers who endorse the notion that a man is to be confident, successful, and respected by his family (e.g. status) are likely to be more involved and confident in their role as a father. Conversely, young fathers who believe in showing little emotion and using their physical presence (e.g. toughness) may be more likely to be disconnected and gain less satisfaction from their role as a father. To promote fatherhood, parenting programs for young men should address masculinity to improve parenting involvement and satisfaction.