Listening to their needs: Homeless women's health and victimization study

Background:

Homelessness places both men and women at higher risk of victimization. The trajectory to homelessness and the consequences of living on the street is distinct for women compared to men (Wenzel, Kogel & Gelberg, 2000). This study was conducted in order to explore the unique experience of violence and victimization among homeless women, the effects these experiences have on physical and mental health, and women’s recommendations for community improvement.

Methods:

This study utilized non-random, purposive sampling of women using emergency shelter services in an urban community in Texas. A total of 150 face-to-face interviews were conducted with homeless women from December 2012 to May 2013. The interview consisted of closed and open ended questions covering recent victimization, service utilization, mental and physical health, healthcare utilization, prior abuse, and recommendations. Data was analyzed using statistical software and qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Our results showed that 46% of the participants experienced some form of physical or sexual violence and 23% were injured due to violence. However, 42% of the victims said they told no one about their victimization. The underreporting was mostly due to their lack of trust in the existing system. Qualitative results showed that women used an array of strategies to promote their safety, including isolation and finding male protectors. Respondents provided recommendations for housing, community engagement, distributing resources and creating safer environments for women.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate the complexity of violence experienced by women who are homeless and describe strategies used and recommended to reduce vulnerability.