Role of school health services in combating absenteeism

Background/Significance: Researchers have found that chronic absenteeism leads to lower education achievement, which impacts one’s ability to find gainful employment. Social determinants such as employment, lower socioeconomic status, and education are the root causes of poorer health. Thus chronic absenteeism is a public health issue. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of schools, particularly school health services (SHS), have in improving and addressing chronic absenteeism and seat time. Method: After obtaining IRB approval, snowball sampling was utilized to identify SHS who are successfully addressing absenteeism in the schools. Interviews were conducted to learn more about the activities and resources used, strengths/opportunities of the approaches, and the outcomes of such outreach. Results: Successful programs involve a micro- and macro-level approach. This includes ensuring policies are in place and reinforced; it involves changing a culture. Utilizing a team approach that includes administration, SHS, secretaries, teachers, families and students is also key.  School nurses in particular are critical in coordinating efforts, addressing health concerns, assisting families, and improving absenteeism and student seat time. Conclusion Although current evidence supports the use of teams and policies, little research has focused on the role of school nurses in improving absenteeism. Specific examples and practical tips for success by school nurses will be shared. SHS not only impact the health of youth now by addressing absenteeism, but help improve the entire community’s future by impacting social determinants of health.