An Exploration of Experiences of Protective Factors against Racial Microaggressions in Youth

Experiences of racism is a risk factor that can be internalized, resulting in adverse health effects and poor psychological well-being. This study examines experiences of racism, self-esteem, and locus of control in 20 adolescent participants aged 15-17 of the Upward Bound pre-college program at a Midwestern college. Three self-report measures were implemented: Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Harter’s Self Perception Profile for Adolescents, and the Perceptions of Racism in Children and Youth survey (PRaCY). Associations among experiences of racism, ethnic identity, self-esteem, and locus of control were examined using a series of t tests, Chi square tests, correlations, and ANOVAs. Adolescents who reported higher level of racism were more likely to report lower self-esteem related to job competence (r=-.497, n=20 p=.026).  Attributing negative experiences to racism was related to lower global self-esteem (p = .008) as well as self-esteem related to social competence (p=.002), scholastic competence (p=.037), and close friendship (p=.017). Additionally Latino students were more likely to report a more internal locus of control. Results are discussed in terms of the need for program development to enhance protective factors in adolescents.