Abstract

Intersection of HIV and Mental Health: Utilization Patterns Call for an Interprofessional Solution

Alexander Enurah, MD1, Lynn VanderWielen, PhD, MPH1, Kellie Hawkins, MD, MPH1, Molly Nowels, MA1 and Edward Gardner, MD2
(1)University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, (2)Denver Health, Denver

APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)

Background: The United States continues to face a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic despite tremendous advances in HIV treatment and prevention. The CDC estimates that over 1.2 million individuals over the age of 13 are living with HIV and an estimated 150,000 remain undiagnosed. The prevalence of depression among HIV patients exceeds 20%, compared to 10% in the general adult population, and is cited as the most common behavioral health complication of HIV patients. Despite this evidence, little is known about the role of depression and/or anxiety on healthcare utilization pattern among HIV patients. Methods : Clustered multivariable regression analyses examining the role of depression and/or anxiety comorbidies were conducted to examine annual ED visits, annual outpatient visits, annual inpatient admissions, and subsequent length of stay among patients with HIV. Clinical diagnoses were identified utilizing ICD-9 codes within the clinical classification software. Control variables included patient age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and ZIP code level race, education, and income. (N=69,434) Results : A comorbid depression/anxiety diagnosis among HIV patients is associated with a 37% increase in annual primary care visits (p≤0.0001), 115% increase in annual ED visits (p≤0.0001), and 45% increase in hospital admissions (p≤0.0001). Among HIV patients with an inpatient admission (N=16,166), individuals with a comorbid depression and/or anxiety diagnoses demonstrated a 2.8% greater average length of stay (p=0.039). Conclusion: HIV patients with comorbid depression/anxiety demonstrate statistically significant increases in annual healthcare utilization. To meet these complex needs, an interprofessional approach is essential to provide high quality and effective care.

Chronic disease management and prevention Clinical medicine applied in public health Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Public health or related public policy Public health or related research