Abstract
Families that play together: Stay leaner & healthier together
Erica Thomas, BS1, Ruth Medina, BS1, Nina Nguyen, BA2, Frecia Gonzalez, BS, MPH1, Elizabeth Holzhauser, CHES, DrPH3 and Patti Herring, PhD, RN3
(1)Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, (2)Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, (3)Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
The U. S. currently holds the highest obesity rates in the world, with over 17% of its children considered obese. Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem reaching epidemic proportions, tripling in the last thirty years. Its link to the rise in type-2 diabetes in children is alarming. An unhealthy diet and inadequate physical activity (PA) are the two main contributors to this problem. Parents/caregivers are instrumental in shaping healthy lifestyle habits in their children; and play a vital role in mitigating this problem. To best inform program development MPH students conducted a targeted needs assessment with students, staff, and parents in the Creative After/Before School Program for Success (CAPS) at Martin Luther King Middle School in San Bernardino, CA. Data were collected through windshield surveys, observations, literature reviews, 6 theory-based key informant interviews, and a confirmatory focus group. Data were coded, themed and analyzed using Grounded Theory methods. Data revealed that parents and students are aware of the importance of good nutrition & physical activity (PE), and believe that they should eat healthier and include more PE into their daily lives at school and at home. They also felt that participating in family-centered PE would create a good bonding experience for the family. Staff voiced the need for a addressing these issues first at CAPS, and carrying it over into the home. We then developed, implemented and evaluated a pilot program using process and impact evaluation for program improvement. Results will be discussed in light of program sustainability.
Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Diversity and culture Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Program planning Public health or related education
Abstract
Relationship between Inner-City School Mouse Allergen Levels and Neighborhood Socio-demographic and Housing Characteristics
Amparito Cunningham, MD, MPH (class 2016)1, Marissa Hauptman, MD, MPH, FAAP2, Patricia Fabian, ScD3, William Sheehan, MD2, Jonathan Gaffin, MD, MMsc2 and Wanda Phipatanakul, MD, MS2
(1)Boston University, Boston, MA, (2)Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, (3)Boston University School of Public Heatlh, Boston, MA
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: The objective of this GIS analysis is to determine the relationship between school mouse allergen levels and neighborhood socio-demographic and housing characteristics.
Methods: Neighborhood, block group level, socio-demographic and housing characteristics were derived from the U.S. Census. School and mouse allergen data were part of the School Inner-City Asthma Study (2008-2013), a longitudinal study of 37 schools. Mouse allergen levels (musm1) were derived based on average settled dust samples from classrooms, cafeterias and/or gyms of the participating schools. For this analysis 30 out of the 37 schools were geocoded using BatchGeo and the analysis was done using ArcGIS 10.3. Within ArcGIS 10.3 the data was classified in quartiles.
Results: School classroom musm1 levels ranged from 0.04 to 75.01 ug/l. Schools with highest levels of musm1 (4th quartile) are within block groups where 63 to 100% of households have an income ≤$20,000/yr and where 39 to 93% of units were built on or after 1970.Even schools with lower levels of musm1 (1st quartile) lay in block groups where at least 50% of households' income is ≤$20,000/yr. Spatial statistical (hot spot) analysis showed the presence of hot spots of block groups with households' income ≤$20,000/yr. Three schools fall inside a hot spot.
Conclusions: In this cohort of inner city schools, we found high levels of mouse allergen in impoverished neighborhoods (household income ≤$20,000) and neighborhoods with newer housing structures (built after 1970).
Environmental health sciences
Abstract
Providing clinical and educational health services for Omaha refugees through a community health fair
Katelyn Jelden, MPH1, Jocelyn Herstein, MPH1, Aurora Le, BA1, Zijian Qin, MBBS, MPH, PhD1, Tra-My Hoang, BS1, Jennifer Sharrick, BA1, Natalie Wichelt, BA1, Alexandria Tran, BA1, Ian Parsley, BS1 and Drissa Toure, MD, PHD, MPH2
(1)University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, (2)University of Nebraska Medical Center/College of Public Health, Omaha, NE
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Issues: Refugees enter the U.S. without experience or extensive guidance navigating the complex health care system. Health professional students at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have limited opportunities to interact and care for patients who are refugees. Description: Bridge to Care (BTC) is an inter-professional student initiative at the University of Nebraska Medical Center that coordinates health fairs to provide health education and free clinical services to refugees including influenza vaccinations, dental examinations, eye examinations and provision of eyeglasses, and glucose level screens. BTC's 2015 fall health fair provided services to over 310 refugees from countries that included Burma, Bhutan, Somalia, and Sudan with the aid of over 170 student and community volunteers. Lessons Learned: Of the health education booths, oral hygiene (60% of refugees), nutrition (49%), and poison control (38%) were the top visited. Of the clinical services offered, 71% of refugees had an influenza immunization administered, 42% a dental screening performed, and 55% received a vision screening. Of the two clinical providers available for consultation, 17% and 12% of refugees visited each, respectively. Recommendations: Education and clinical services provided by health professional students are utilized by the Omaha refugee community through the BTC health fair, particularly in areas of oral hygiene and dental screening, vision screening, and influenza immunization. BTC and other local providers of refugee health care should prioritize the delivery of these services. This information may be insightful for other organizations invested in the provision of refugee health care in communities across the U.S.
Clinical medicine applied in public health Diversity and culture Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs Provision of health care to the public
Abstract
Burnout and Its Prevention among Practitioners in the Field of Sexual Violence in South Korea
Ji Eun Kim, PhD and In Han Song, PhD
Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background:
Emotional burnout of practitioners who provide services for the treatment and recovery of victims of sexual violence may negatively affect the quality of services for victims as well as their own mental health. Despite a rapid increase in the reported incidences of sexual violence recently in Korea, little has been studied on burnout among practitioners. This study explores possible factors associated with burnout and its prevention among practitioners in this field.
Methods:
Of the entire 205 support centers for the victims of sexual violence in South Korea, 34 centers were randomly selected from each regional districts. Total nineteen practitioners agreed to participate in the five sessions of focus group interview. Qualitative grounded theory was used to identify the causes of burnout and prevention methods.
Results:
The causes of burnout experienced by practitioners were categorized into four groups: (1) secondary traumatic stress (34.6%); (2) poor working conditions (26.9%); (3) lack of professional expertise (26.9%); and (4) intimidation from offenders (11.5%). Prevention methods suggested by practitioners were categorized into five groups: (1) improvement in work conditions (36%); (2) support for enhanced expertise among practitioners (24%); (3) promoting exchanges and networking among peer practitioners (16%); (4) support for psychological counseling and therapy for practitioners (12%); and (5) opportunities for individual refreshment (12%).
Conclusions:
Efforts are needed to improve work conditions, strengthen training programs and networking among practitioners, and expand psychological support for practitioners in order to prevent their burnout by reflecting the suggestions made by practitioners themselves based on their own experiences.
Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Administration, management, leadership Other professions or practice related to public health
Abstract
Students as agents of change: An environmental health literacy intervention for American Indian Youth
Jessica Milakovich, BA1, Vanessa Simonds, ScD1, Velma Pickett, BS2, Suzanne Held, PhD1, Lynn Kelting Gibson, EdD1, Deb LaVeaux, MS1 and Erin Smith, BS1
(1)Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, (2)Little Big Horn College, Crow Agency, MT
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: Elementary school students have the capacity to share knowledge with their caregivers, peers, and community. While previous research suggests that children can successfully act as change agents for health, empirical evidence is lacking. This study explores the transfer of knowledge between elementary school students and their parents during and after a 5-day summer camp focused on water-related environmental health. This is a community-based participatory research project within an American Indian community.
Methods: We conducted open-ended interviews with caregivers. Questions focused on what their child had shared with them, and to what degree they had participated in camp related take-home activities. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results/Conclusions: Children shared with their caregivers about the activities they participated in and what they learned through the five-day summer camp. We will describe the extent to which precise messages were shared between students and caregivers. Findings from this study will provide information to improve our program and evidence for the student as change agent approach.
Diversity and culture Environmental health sciences Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs Social and behavioral sciences
Abstract
Motivational Interviewing to Improve Outcomes for Diabetes
Judy Woodward, MSN RN
University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Nashville, TN
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that requires patient investment in self-management for success in avoiding complications of the disease. One complication of diabetes is vision loss. Vision loss can be prevented with early detection and treatment. Traditional methods of education and giving advice have very marginal success in engaging patients and eliciting their own motivation to self-manage. Uptake rates of diabetic eye exams for patients at the Cheatham County Health Department are less than 5%. Motivational interviewing is an evidenced-based approach for working with patients to help develop the patient's own motivation for behavior change and self-management. Evidence from studies have demonstrated that motivational interviewing is effective with engaging patients with diabetes for confidence with self-management behavior.
Methods: Permission for this study at the Cheatham County Health Department was obtained. Healthcare providers were invited to participate and Informed Consent was obtained for voluntary participation. A pre-knowledge questionnaire on Motivational Interviewing was administered in December, 2015. Motivational Interviewing education was provided to participants using PowerPoint modules, interactive education involving role-play and feedback, a resource manual, a pocket guide and an importance/confidence ruler. Medical records are being evaluated weekly for data retrieval on use of Motivational Interviewing and screening and referral rates for diabetic eye exams. A post-questionnaire to measure provider knowledge and confidence with use of Motivational Interviewing will be administered at 3 months (March, 2016) and at the 6-month data collection completion time (June, 2016).
Results: Data collection is in process at this time.
Chronic disease management and prevention Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs
Abstract
Engaging men for a sexual violence-free nation: A cross-sectional study of U.S.-based organizations
Ivy Cervantes, MD, MPH, Leona Woelk, MA and Theresa Cruz, PhD
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: Sexual violence is an intransigent public health problem. The complexity of preventing sexual violence requires addressing multiple levels of the socio-ecological model. Engaging men can reduce the influence of a violence-supportive culture. This study aims to identify strategies and challenges in engaging men in sexual violence prevention in the U.S., and to identify features of organizations that have prevention programs focused on engaging males.
Methods: We use an anonymous on-line survey to measure prevention programming at the organizational level. Participants are adults (age>18) associated with U.S.-based organizations that have sexual violence prevention programs. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis using MS Excel. We will also analyze responses to open-ended questions for common themes.
Results: We anticipate survey results to show that the movement to engage men in sexual violence prevention has been experiencing recent growth. Strategies being utilized to engage men are expected to include approaches at the peer or community-level. We hypothesize that challenges to engaging men will include complex issues related to gender norms. Most organizations are expected to be functioning at the state or local level, with prevention efforts dependent on government funding. Organizations that are solely focused on male engagement are projected to be a small percentage of those surveyed.
Conclusions: This survey describes the U.S. movement to engage men in sexual violence prevention and highlights the importance of considering context. These data will inform future program and policy development to reduce sexual violence and improve the health of at-risk populations.
Diversity and culture Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs Public health or related education Public health or related research Social and behavioral sciences
Abstract
Differences in perceived barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in urban women of color and rural white women
Angie Fishler1, Sara Simonsen, PhD, CNM, MSPH1, Lisa Gren, PhD, MSPH2, Yelena Wu, PhD1, Valentine Mukundente3, France A. Davis, MMC, MMin3, Ana Sanchez-Birkhead, PhD, WHNP-BC, APRN1, O. Fahina Tavake-Pasi, MS3, Ed Napia, EdD3, Heather Coulter, MEd1, Stephen Alder, PhD4, Louisa Stark, PhD1, Brenda Ralls, PhD5, Grant Sunada, MPH, PhD(c)1, Patricia Eisenman, PhD6, Suzanne Prevedel, MEd7, GaeLynn Peterson, MS8, Lou Mueller9, Cindy Nelson10, Carrie Durward, PhD11, Weiping Zhang, MStat1 and Kathleen Digre, MD1
(1)University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, (2)Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, (3)Community Faces of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, (4)Ensign College of Public Health, Kpong, UT, Ghana, (5)Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, (6)Univeristy of Utah College of Heath, (7)Utah State University, Duchesne, UT, (8)Utah State University Extension-Wayne County, Loa, UT, (9)Utah State University Extension-San Juan County, Monticello, UT, (10)Utah State University Extension-Beaver County, Beaver, UT, (11)Utah State University, Logan, UT
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background:
Rural white women and urban women of color both experience health disparities related to obesity, but may report different barriers to healthy eating and active living.
Methods:
The Coalition for a Healthier Community for Utah Women and Girls conducted a 12-month study of an obesity intervention. Baseline data included information on self-reported barriers to fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, access to healthy foods, and access to physical activity. The most common barriers were described and differences in barriers for urban ethnic women and rural white women were compared.
Results:
499 ethnically diverse urban women (Africans, African Americans, Latinas, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians) and 51 rural Non-Hispanic white women enrolled. The most commonly reported barrier to fruit/vegetable consumption was spoilage, reported more frequently by rural participants (p<0.001). Cost was a common barrier to obtaining fruits/vegetables in both groups, also reported more frequently by rural participants (p<0.0001). Other barriers to obtaining fruits/vegetables included difficulty purchasing them for rural women and limited access to grocery stores for urban women. The most frequently reported barrier to physical activity in both groups was tiredness, reported more frequently by rural participants (p=0.008). Additional barriers to physical activity included limited access to trails and sidewalks for rural women and traffic and night safety for urban women.
Conclusions:
Rural and urban women report some similar and some unique barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Understanding and addressing these barriers will promote health equity related to obesity and chronic disease.
Assessment of individual and community needs for health education Chronic disease management and prevention Diversity and culture Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Public health or related education
Abstract
Developing Human Trafficking Education for Healthcare Providers: An Interdisciplinary Student Research Assistant Experience
Preeti Panda1, Melissa Fix2 and Cathy Miller, RN, PHD3
(1)Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, (2)Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Katy, TX, (3)Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: 1) To obtain consensus among an international, multidisciplinary panel of human trafficking experts and survivors on the most important elements needed in a comprehensive, interdisciplinary health care provider education program on the recognition, intervention and treatment, and referral of human trafficking victims and survivors. 2) Involve both nursing and medical students as research assistants to increase interdisciplinary collaboration and learning opportunities.
Methods: The mixed methods Delphi method was utilized to identify the most important content for healthcare providers as determined by the panel of survivors (n=30) and experts (n=30). To determine order of importance, and level of consensus on each component an individual content validity index (I-CVI) score was utilized.
Results: 30 human trafficking survivors (n=30), identified 3 primary content areas, and 31 sub-content as important in healthcare provider educational programs. The panel of 25 human trafficking experts (n=25) found 6 primary content areas, and 70 sub-content areas that should be included. Interdisciplinary student research outcomes included the opportunity to work in an interdisciplinary team of human trafficking experts and students, modeling of interprofessional collaboration between nursing and medicine, and contributions to gaps in science in the study of all forms of human trafficking.
Conclusion: The findings of this study provide the first scientifically based framework to assist development of healthcare provider educational programs regarding treatment, recognition, and referral of victims of human trafficking. Recommendations include incorporation of interprofessional student collaboration and research in nursing and medical education curriculum and research on the benefits of interprofessional research and collaboration.
Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Advocacy for health and health education Assessment of individual and community needs for health education Public health or related education Public health or related research
Abstract
Interventions to reduce domestic violence witnessed by children: A systematic review
Joyce Sartin, MSW1 and Manoj Sharma, MBBS, MCHES, PhD2
(1)Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, (2)Jackson State University and Walden University, Jackson, MS
APHA 2016 Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 2016)
Background: Domestic violence can have a deleterious impact on children when they are exposed to this behavior in the homes. Children should feel safe in the home and hot have to witness domestic violence at any level. Domestic violence interventions have proven effective especially for children when they are exposed. The purpose of this article was to review domestic violence interventions for preventing exposure to domestic violence among children from 2005-2015. Method: This review was based on an exhaustive search of the databases: Academic Search Premier, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), CINAHL Plus, PsychINFO in the EBSCO system and PubMed.gov. The key words, "domestic violence", "interventions", "domestic abuse", "programs", and "adolescents" were searched using PRISMA guidelines and a total of seven US studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Study participants represented grades 4-12. The intervention were administered in different settings. Two of the studies had participants over 100 while the other studies had only a few participants. Trauma theory (n=1), attachment theory (n=1) and empowerment theory (n=1) were the main theories used for the interventions. Some of the interventions did not use any theory. The designs used were: longitudinal (n=2), pre-test/post-test (n=), and randomized control trial (RCT, n=1. Conclusion: The uses of the domestic violence interventions that are widely used to change the negative behaviors should continue to be explored. Since the program is constantly changing, new domestic violence interventions will need to be tested.
Social and behavioral sciences