Background: Optimal medication-taking behavior involves patient, provider, and environmental factors. Higher health literacy and medication adherence are closely related. The Chin Burmese refugee population in Indiana is particularly vulnerable to health disparities because of cultural and socio-economic limitations in accessing healthcare. Very little is known about attitudes of Chin Burmese refugees in the United States regarding medication beliefs, medication adherence, or relationships with healthcare providers and pharmacists. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with 21 Chin Burmese ethnic minority adults living in central Indiana. An interview guide was adapted and translated into Zophei and Hakha. Participants also completed a survey and health literacy assessment. Interviews were audio recorded, translated into English, and transcribed. Interviews were coded independently by two researchers. Results: Respondents’ median age was 46; most had little formal education, 6th grade or lower levels of health literacy, and reported fair or poor health. Beliefs about medication were strongly based in Burmese culture and knowledge acquired before U.S. immigration. Health professionals did not speak their languages and only rarely used medically-trained interpreters. Participants were more favorable about their relationships with their primary care providers than community pharmacists. Many participants took their medications on schedules they had learned in Burma rather than following providers’ instructions. Conclusions: Chin Burmese refugees have very low levels of health literacy and are unaware of the role of community pharmacists as well as the dangers and responsibilities of medication. Community pharmacies and providers need to address language and cultural barriers to optimal medication use.