Abstract
Occasional, Moderate, and Severe Hunger among Small-scale Men and Women Farmers in Rural Ghana: Exploring Food Insecurity Using the Household Hunger Scale
Kathleen Ragsdale, MA, PhD, Mary R. Read-Wahidi, PhD, Tianlan Wei, PhD, Amanda Gochanour, MA and Audrey Reid, BA
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
APHA 2017 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 4 - Nov. 8)
Background: Ghana’s Northern Region—where approximately 73.5% of adults are smallholder farmers—experiences some high rates of poverty, food insecurity, and childhood malnutrition (Ghana Statistical Service, 2013; Malapit & Quisumbing, 2014; Quaye, 2008). The USAID Feed the Future Soybean Innovation Lab’s activities in the Northern Region are focused on assisting smallholder farmers towards improved food security and sustainable agricultural production. Methods: As part of a larger survey, we administered the six-item Household Hunger Scale (Ballard et al., 2011) to men and women farmers in the Northern Region—of whom the majority were husband-wife dyads—to assess dyad congruence for reported household-level hunger (HLH). The scale categorizes HLH in the past 4 weeks as occasional (1-2 times), moderate (3-10 times), or severe (≥11 times) for three Hunger Events: 1) No food to eat of any kind in the household due to lack of resources to get food, 2) Household member(s) went to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food, and 3) Household member(s) went a whole day and night without eating anything because there was not enough food. Results: Husband-wife dyads comprised 93.7% of the sample (N=675). Over 30% reported Hunger Event 1 in the past 4 weeks 1-2 times (19.1%), 3-10 times (11.6%), or ˃10 times (2.1%). Nearly 29% reported Hunger Event 2 in the past 4 weeks 1-2 times (16.8%), 3-10 times (11.4%), or ˃10 times (2.8%). Nearly 23% reported Hunger Event 3 in the past 4 weeks 1-2 times (11.6%), 3-10 times (10.3%), or ˃10 times (2.9%). For all three Hunger Events, females were more likely to report occasional HLH. Males and females were equally likely to report moderate and severe HLH. Discussion: Results suggest that the Household Hunger Scale may be an appropriate measure for cross-cultural use to assess HLH in food-insecure regions.
Conduct evaluation related to programs, research, and other areas of practice Diversity and culture Other professions or practice related to public health Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Social and behavioral sciences