Background: Parental substance use places children at risk for poor social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. Many parents with SUD are treated through accountability courts including adult drug courts (ADC) through the criminal justice system and family drug treatment courts (FTC) through the child welfare system. Little is known about the children of parents who participate in treatment through ADC’s which could serve as an important treatment venue for improving child outcomes. Children treated through FTCs are often the center of treatment. This research compared outcomes of parents and children involved in ADC and FTC. Methods: Participants were 120 drug court clients (89 from adult courts; 31 from family courts) and 66 co-parents (54 of adult drug court clients; 12 of family courts clients) from four Georgia based drug courts. Participants completed computerized interviews containing a variety of measures focusing on adult mental health, parenting behaviors and communication, and child mental health and behavior. Results: Parents in FTC were primary female and white compared to ADCs which were male and black. Parents in FTCs had lower incomes, younger children, and were more likely to be custodial parents than ADC parents. Caregivers in ADC reported greater mental health problems, lower parental involvement and monitoring than caregivers in FTC. Moreover, FTC caregivers reported more social support and better family functioning. Conclusion: This data suggests that children of caregivers in drug treatment via ADC may be at even greater risk than children of caregivers in FTC because of increased parental risk factors.