Background: With an estimated 3.5 million people living with HIV, Nigeria has a large population of children orphaned or affected by HIV, collectively referred to as orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). The role of communities is increasingly recognized as a critical component of the HIV-response. The PEPFAR-funded SMILE program invested in strengthening the ability of communities to respond to the needs of OVC. This study explores the relationship between community capacity and the well-being of OVC in five states in Nigeria. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 2,105 caregivers and 3,038 of their children who received project services across five states in Nigeria. Dependent variables include a measure of overall OVC well-being, which was assessed by the 36-item Orphan Well-being Tool. Caregiver knowledge of their child’s HIV status was also measured. A Community Capacity Index served as the primary independent variable. Associations between community capacity and both dependent variables were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Results: OVC well-being was high among the sample, with 79.3% of children 10-17 reporting a score above the threshold (23 out of 30). Less than half (41.0%) of children had been tested for HIV. Mean community capacity score was 69.3 out of a possible 100. Community capacity was positively associated OVC well-being and caregiver knowledge of child HIV status in both multivariate logistic regression models (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that strengthening community capacity can support desirable program outcomes including OVC well-being and caregiver knowledge of child HIV status.