The current study aims to examine gender differences in drug use patterns and problem behaviors among amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users in China. Cross-sectional data were collected from 827 ATS users (445 males and 382 females) at two compulsory detoxification institutes in Jiangsu, China in 2014 using a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analyses indicated that female participants compared to their male counterparts tended to be younger (Mean = 28.43 years, SD = 6.51 for female, p < .001), single (52.8%, p < .001), unemployed (41.5%, p < .001), and from high-income families (13.7%, p < .001). Female participants tended to first begin using ATS at an earlier age (Mean = 20.71 years, SD = 5.16 for female, p < .001) and under the influence of their boyfriend (51.3%, p < .01), use ATS more frequently (p < .05), receive ATS bought by friends (32.7%, p < .001), and use ATS in order to lose weight (35.1%, p < .01). More than half of the participants (53.9%) thought that ATS was non-addictive while using ATS for the first time. Comparatively, male participants tended to buy ATS for themselves (88.5%, p < .01), first begin using ATS out of curiosity (51.5%, p < .01), and use ATS while seeing friends using ATS (50.5%, p < .001), and with friends (75.3%, p < .01). Moreover, male participants were more likely to engage in problem behaviors (cigarette smoking, gambling, having sex with multiple partners after drug use, fighting, & other criminal activities), while female participants were more likely to have attempted suicide significantly. Multivariate analyses indicated that gender was significantly related to all problem behaviors but alcohol use while controlling for other potential predicting factors. The findings indicate that interventions aimed at drug use reduction and problem behavior prevention should take the gender differences into consideration.