Background: The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) funds and directs child protection efforts in the United States. In 2010, CAPTA was amended to require states requesting federal funds to have written protocols for implementing and evaluating differential response, a serviced-based prevention policy. This study evaluates the change in risk and characteristics of child maltreatment re-report before and after CAPTA 2010. Method: This analysis used data on 159,593 children 0-17 years, living in Colorado, Kansas, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). Intervention and control states were selected based on policy implementation and reporting quality. We used a modified Poisson regression to calculate the risk of child maltreatment re-report in the four-year periods immediately before and after CAPTA 2010. Incident Rate Ratios (IRRs) adjusted for child age, race/ethnicity, abuse type, and report source. Results: We found that risk of maltreatment re-report was similar in the pre and post CAPTA periods (IRR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and (IRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22), respectively. Risk of re-report decreased in children 12-17 years, and increased significantly in Blacks of all ethnicities. Conclusion: The introduction of differential response policy did not result in a major change in risk of child maltreatment re-report. However, changes in policy may have magnified existing racial biases in child protection. Competing child welfare policies may have also influenced our results.