We recognize we are issuing this call for abstracts at a turbulent time in the US, one with implications for health equity & this planet’s health & that of its peoples (& other beings) world over. In light of the US election results, the fight for health equity and a sustainable future in which all can truly thrive is more urgent than ever.
And so, building on the 2017 American Public Health Association conference theme (“Climate Change: Public Health’s Global Challenge”), and recognizing that we have no idea how things will be in February 2017 (when abstracts are due) let alone November 2017 (when the APHA conference takes place), our Spirit of 1848 sessions will feature work that addresses:
“Planetary Emergencies: Global Climate Change & Toxic Politics –
And Our Urgent Fights for Health Equity & A Sustainable Future.”
We seek to create sessions that include presentations & discussions that will address:
1) climate justice & environmental justice (in diverse nations and globally, whether or not tied specifically to the policies & actions of the Trump Administration), with an emphasis on links between the past, present, and increasingly unknowable future;
2) additional health equity implications of Trump Administration social, economic, military, and health policies (above & beyond, and also in relation to, climate justice & environmental justice), and their impacts both within the US and globally, in conjunction with the civil society ripple effects (whether in the US, other countries, or globally) involving increased racism & racial harassment & anti-immigrant bashing & anti-Muslim discrimination, increased fear of sexual assault and its legitimation, rollbacks on sexual & reproductive rights (including but not limited to access to contraception and abortion, LGBTQ rights), etc.
3) both the serious threats we face AND the active organizing people are doing in public health, in coalition with others, to counter these threats and to promote, instead, health equity & a sustainable future in which all can truly thrive.
We recognize that not every presentation will address all three themes specified above, but collectively each session will include presentations that cover the full range.
Note: we have an OPEN CALL for abstracts for 3 of our Spirit of 1848 sessions: (a) politics of public health data, (b) progressive pedagogy, and (c) student poster session. Abstracts will be solicited (by invitation only) for our two other sessions: the history session and the integrative session.
In setting out this call for abstracts, we affirm our critical tradition of linking politics, passion, and public health – and encourage you to submit your abstracts in this spirit! (And we likewise encourage you to read the “call” for our history session, because it provides important historical context to the work at hand …)
Note: the 2017 APHA meeting will take place in Atlanta, GA (Nov 4-8, 2017).
We list our sessions in the chronological order in which they will be presented at the APHA meeting, as follows: (1) social history of public health; (2) politics of public health data; (3) progressive pedagogy; (4) integrative; and (5) student poster session.
• SOCIAL HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH SESSION -- APHA 2017 (Mon, Nov 6, 10:30 am – 12 noon)
Session title: “Learning from the 1980s: Critical Historical Perspectives on Reagan-Era Activism for Health Equity and Climate Justice”
Note: All abstracts for this session will be solicited; no contributed abstracts will be accepted.
The Social History of Public Health Committee of the Spirit of 1848 Caucus will SOLICIT abstracts from speakers who can present recent historical case studies of U.S. activism for health equity, human rights, and climate justice.
The 1980s serves as the primary period of focus for this panel because the transition in the U.S. from the Carter to the Reagan administration heralded an ideological and practical shift in the politics of health, economic/financial policy, human rights, and environmental issues. Critical historical analysis of the organized response to this right turn in U.S. domestic and foreign politics as they related to health equity may provide insights relevant to current changes in federal government ideologies.
Immediately upon his inauguration in 1981, the incoming president, who had promised during his campaign to “make abortion illegal,” met with anti-abortion groups and then fulfilled their request to fire the head of the CDC’s abortion surveillance unit. He also ordered the removal of the solar panels that his predecessor had installed on the White House – a blunt signal of the environmental deregulation that was to follow.
As the year wore on, the new president did nothing in response to alarming reports by federal health officials that an unusual cluster of rare cancers had appeared among otherwise-healthy gay men--later recognized as the first sign of the U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic. But he did not hesitate to take aggressive, immediate action to break the Air Traffic Controllers (PATCO) strike—a move often viewed as the death knell for unions as a dominant political force in the U.S.
The administration in 1981 also rushed to renew an aggressive arms race with the Soviet Union, embracing unlimited military spending and beginning proxy wars in Central America, including covert operations to arm and unify opponents to the revolutionary Sandinista (FSLN) government that had overthrown U.S.-backed Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979. Perhaps most importantly, the Reagan era marked the dawn of neoliberal ideology as official U.S. policy.
The resulting withdrawal of the state from public services was felt domestically, and spawned protests against increases in hunger and homelessness including an encampment across from the White House that protesters dubbed “Reaganville.” But the most acute effects of neoliberalism would be felt in Third World countries. These countries would be pressured during the 1980s by the IMF and other Washington-based international lending bodies into draconian structural adjustment loans that forced them to cut off lifeline services that supported their citizens’ basic human needs.
Amidst these U.S.-led retrenchments from commitment to human well-being and human rights around the world, however, the Reagan era was also characterized by the growth of grassroots political movements to resist these developments: the Rainbow Coalition, which sought to build a more inclusive and equitable America; movements for affordable housing and an end to homelessness; the emergence of HIV/AIDs activism and the continued, related expansion of the gay, lesbian, & bisexual rights movement; the environmental justice movement; transnational struggles around reproductive health rights at home and abroad; organized opposition to covert U.S.-backed wars in Central America; and an expansion of U.S. activist involvement in the global struggle against apartheid in South Africa.
This session will involve professional historians as well as key historical witnesses in exploring ways that 1980s activist movements laid the intellectual and logistical groundwork for current and ongoing struggles against regressive health politics in the U.S. and around the world. The session may involve discussion of topics such as the environmental justice movement; women’s health activism; the Rainbow Coalition; HIV/AIDS activism; health aspects of the anti-Apartheid struggle and its links to the U.S. struggle for racial justice in health; movements to support Central Americans’ interrelated struggles for human rights, self-determination, and health; popular activist movements to resist the structural violence spawning the homelessness crisis of the 1980s; among others. The overall aim of the session will be to explicate the goals and strategies of the 1980s struggles for health equity and social justice, in order to inquire into their relevance to similar current-day resistance movements.
If you have any questions, please contact the Spirit of 1848 Coordinating Committee members (Social History of Public Health) involved with organizing this session: Marian Moser Jones (email: moserj@umd.edu), Anne-Emmanuel Birn (email: ae.birn@utoronto.ca), and Luis Aviles (luis.aviles3@upr.edu); also working on this session is subcommittee member Heather Orom.
POLITICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH DATA SESSION -- APHA 2017 (Mon, Nov 6, 2:30-4:00 pm)
Session title: Climate justice & toxic politics: Empirical research on effects on health equity and efforts to promote it
Note: presentations for this session will be primarily drawn from abstracts submitted in response to the OPEN CALL for abstracts, supplemented by solicited abstracts, as warranted.
The Spirit of 1848 Politics of Public Health Data session welcomes abstracts that use empirical research (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) to examine the overall theme of the Spirit of 1848’s Call for Abstracts: “Global climate change & toxic politics—and our urgent fights for health equity & a sustainable future.” Possible topics include:
We welcome submissions on other topics as well, as long as they pertain to the theme of the session. We will have an open call for abstracts, with an option to solicit abstracts as well.
If you have any questions, please contact the Spirit of 1848 Coordinating Committee members (Politics of Public Health Data) involved with organizing this session: Catherine Cubbin (email: ccubbin@austin.utexas.edu), Zinzi Bailey (email: zinzib@gmail.com), Craig Dearfield (craig.dearfield@gmail.com) and Nancy Krieger (email: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu). Additional subcommittee members working on this session are: Melody Shlashinski, Laura Stein, and Jelena Todic.
PROGRESSIVE PEDAGOGY SESSION -- APHA 2017 (Tues, Nov 7, 8:30-10:00 am)
Session title: Progressive Pedagogy: Teaching about Links Between Toxic Politics and Climate/ Environmental Equity and Public Health
Note: presentations for this session will be primarily drawn from abstracts submitted in response to the OPEN CALL for abstracts, supplemented by solicited abstracts, as warranted.
This session will have an OPEN CALL for abstracts regarding courses and training programs focused on the links between environmental justice, population health, and health equity AND/OR focused on the health impacts of the social, economic, and health policies of the Trump administration.
We welcome presentations about any such courses and training programs that variously seek to include (separately or jointly): students (high school; undergraduates; graduate); community activists, community organizations, and community members; government employees (whether in public health agencies, other state agencies, or in legislative or executive branches of government); or other groups.
Examples of topics can include (but are not restricted to) critical approaches to pedagogy that address:
If you have any questions, please contact the Spirit of 1848 Coordinating Committee members (Progressive Pedagogy) involved with organizing this session: Lisa Moore (email: lisadee@sfsu.edu), Vanessa Simonds (email: vanessa.simonds@montana.edu), and Bekka Lee (email: rlee@hsph.harvard.edu); also working on this session is subcommittee member Wesley Epplin.
INTEGRATIVE SESSION -- APHA 2017 (Tues, Nov 7, 10:30 am – 12 noon)
Session title: “Planetary Emergencies: Climate Change & Toxic Politics – And Global & Indigenous Fights for Health Equity & A Sustainable Future.”
Note: All abstracts for this session will be solicited; no contributed abstracts will be accepted.
This session focuses on one topic from the perspective of the 3 foci of our Spirit of 1848 caucus: social history of public health, politics of public health data, and progressive pedagogy.
For this year, we are exploring co-organizing this session with the American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Caucus.
The Spirit of 1848 Coordinating Committee member leading the organizing of this session is Nancy Krieger (email: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu).
STUDENT POSTER SESSION – APHA 2017 (Tues, Nov 7, 12:30 – 1:30 pm)
For the APHA 2017 Annual Meeting & Expo (Atlanta, GA, Nov 4-8, 2017), the Spirit of 1848 Social Justice & Public Health Student Poster Session is having an *OPEN CALL FOR ABSTRACTS* for posters that highlight the intersection between social justice and public health from a historical, theoretical, epidemiological, ethnographic, and/or methodological perspective (whether quantitative or qualitative).
We welcome submissions by students (undergraduate and graduate) that are focused on work linking issues of social justice and public health, with a particular emphasis on work pertaining to climate change & toxic politics. This can include but is not limited to abstracts focusing on health equity, sustainable societies, environmental justice, climate justice, discrimination, and decriminalization, including as related to health impacts of the social, economic, and health policies of the Trump administration.
We are interested in submissions not only from students in schools of public health and other health professions (e.g., nursing, medicine) but also from students in schools & programs focused on law, political science, public policy, government, economics, sociology, urban planning, etc. The work presented can be global, country-specific, or local.
Moreover, given that the call is open to students who may not have any experience submitting abstracts for a public health conference (e.g., undergraduates, and also students in disciplines outside of public health), we would like to point interested students to examples of abstracts selected in prior years for the student poster session (see, for 2016: http://spiritof1848.org/apha%202016.html). Additionally, we plan to pair any undergraduates who have an abstract accepted with a student poster session committee member, to offer technical as well as conceptual guidance with regard to preparing a poster!
We encourage students at ALL levels of training to submit abstracts, whether undergraduates, MPH or other master’s students, medical or nursing students, or doctoral students; submissions will be judged in accordance to expectations appropriate for each level of training. Postdoctoral fellows are NOT eligible to submit posters.
Abstracts should focus on furthering understanding and action to address the ways that social inequality harms, and social equity improves, the public’s health. Examples of social inequality include inequitable social divisions within societies based on social class, race/ethnicity, nativity, Indigenous and immigrant status, gender, and sexuality, as well as inequitable relations between nations and geographical regions.
This session will take place at the APHA 2017 Annual Meeting & Expo (Atlanta, GA, Nov 4-8, 2017) on Tuesday, November 7, 2017 in the 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm APHA time slot.
Please note that if your abstract is accepted we expect you to present your poster at the APHA conference. We understand that emergencies may occur; however, if you are not able to attend you must find someone to present or stand with your poster so that we can maintain a full program. We make this request out of our commitment to fairness to other students – because any slot that turns into a “no show” could have been a slot in which another student could have presented. We will accept 10 abstracts (the maximum permitted) and create a waitlist, in case there are any cancellations among the 10 accepted abstracts.
ALL abstracts are due on FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2017; all relevant instructions can be found at the APHA abstract submission website; see: http://www.apha.org/events-and-meetings/annual
For any questions about this session, please contact Spirit of 1848 Coordinating Committee members involved in organizing this session: Nylca Muñoz (nylca.munoz@upr.edu); other subcommittee members are: Jerzy Eisenberg-Gyuot, Lauren Stein, David Stupplebean, and Jelena Todic.
**********************************************************************************
-- effects of Trump Administration policies on health and health-related equity in the US and/or elsewhere;
-- effects of climate and environmental changes on health and health-related equity;
-- using health data to advance organizing efforts to counter unequitable conditions due to fear, racism, and/or rollbacks on progressive policies;
-- withholding, misrepresenting, or manipulating data to prevent action.
We welcome submissions on other topics as well, as long as they pertain to the theme of the session. We will have an open call for abstracts, with an option to solicit abstracts as well.
We welcome presentations about any such courses and training programs that variously seek to include (separately or jointly): students (high school; undergraduates; graduate); community activists, community organizations, and community members; government employees (whether in public health agencies, other state agencies, or in legislative or executive branches of government); or other groups.
Examples of topics can include (but are not restricted to) critical approaches to pedagogy that address:
-- Links between climate justice, environmental justice, and health equity;
-- Links between the health impacts of the social, economic and health policies of the Trump administration;
-- Community organizing about climate justice, environmental justice, and health equity, including current discussion about how to teach about Standing Rock;
-- Community organizing to address the health equity implications of the Trump administration;
-- Student-led efforts to radicalize the material they are taught so that they learn critical content and skills pertaining to climate justice, environmental justice, and health equity including student-led efforts to raise consciousness about threats of climate change and environmental injustice, as tied also to student-led efforts to have their educational institutions divest from fossil fuels.
We are interested in submissions not only from students in schools of public health and other health professions (e.g., nursing, medicine) but also from students in schools & programs focused on law, political science, public policy, government, economics, sociology, urban planning, etc. The work presented can be global, country-specific, or local.
-- We encourage students at ALL levels of training to submit abstracts, whether undergraduates, MPH or other master’s students, medical or nursing students, or doctoral students; submissions will be judged in accordance to expectations appropriate for each level of training. Postdoctoral fellows are NOT eligible to submit posters.
-- Abstracts should focus on furthering understanding and action to address the ways that social inequality harms, and social equity improves, the public’s health. Examples of social inequality include inequitable social divisions within societies based on social class, race/ethnicity, nativity, Indigenous and immigrant status, gender, and sexuality, as well as inequitable relations between nations and geographical regions.
APHA REMINDERS RE ABSTRACT REQUIREMENTS & CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDITS:
NOTE: it is important that our Spirit of 1848 sessions be approved for CE credits, so that public health & clinical professionals can get CE credits in sessions focused on the links between social justice & public health! – so please be sure to read these instructions carefully!!!
1) APHA ABSTRACT REQUIREMENTS
2) CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDITS
APHA values the ability to provide continuing education credit to physicians, nurses, health educators, and those certified in public health at its annual meeting. Please complete all required information when submitting an abstract so members can claim credit for attending your session. These credits are necessary for members to keep their licenses and credentials.
For a session to be eligible for Continuing Education Credit, each presenter, panelist, discussant, and/or faculty must provide:
1) an abstract free of trade and/or commercial product names (and this includes the names of any books you have published!);
2) at least one MEASURABLE SINGLE outcome (“to understand” or “to learn” are not measurable outcomes and compound outcomes are not acceptable). Use ONLY the following Measurable Action Verbs:
Explain, Demonstrate, Analyze, Formulate, Discuss, Compare, Differentiate, Describe, Name, Assess, Evaluate, Identify, Design, Define or List.
3) A signed Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form with a relevant qualification statement
Examples of Acceptable Biographical Qualification Statement:
“I have been the principal or co-principal of multiple federally funded grants focusing on the epidemiology of drug abuse, HIV prevention and co-occurring mental and drug use disorders. Among my scientific interests has been the development of strategies for preventing HIV and STDs in out-of-treatment drug users.”
“I am qualified because I have conducted research in the area of maternal and child health for the past 20 years and have given multiple presentations on this subject.”
Please note that I am the Principle Investigator of this study is NOT an acceptable qualification statement. Nor it is acceptable to state: “I am qualified because I am a professor at XYZ University.”
4) All continuing education learning content must be of sound science or professional practice and serve to maintain, develop, or increase the knowledge, skills and professional competence of the health professional. Learning content should be evidence-based if available. A list of over 30 areas will be provided online for you to choose from. You will be asked to choose at least one or up to 6 areas that your presentation will address.
Thank you for your assistance in making your session credit worthy. Contact Mighty Fine at mighty.fine@apha.org if you have any questions concerning continuing education. For program questions, contact the program planner listed below.
FINALLY:
If you have any questions about the proposed Spirit of 1848 sessions, please contact session organizers (listed above).
For additional information about the Spirit of 1848, including our mission statement and why our name is “Spirit of 1848,”please see below--and also please visit our website, where you can learn more about our Caucus and see past sessions that we have organized at APHA: http://www.spiritof1848.org/
And, if you are a dues-paying APHA member:
A) at our website you can sign up on our form to state your affiliation with our Caucus
https://harvard.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_86XQ5KQvFCgCpFP
(& for more explanation about why we need this information, see: http://spiritof1848.org/listserv.htm)
B) you can also modify your APHA member profile to show you consider yourself to be affiliated with our Caucus
1) login in at: http://apha.org/
2) click on the bottom part of where your name shows up, which will reveal the “menu” for options
3) click on “update profile”
4) click on the tab for “communities”
5) scroll down to “caucuses,” go to “Spirit of 1848,” and choose the option for “current participant”!
(note: selecting a Caucus affiliation does NOT count against the choice of 2 Section affiliations)
Lastly, if you are interested in subscribing to our email bulletin board, we welcome posting on social justice & public health that provide:
a) information (e.g. about conferences or job announcements or publications relevant to and making explicit links between social justice & public health), and
b) substantive queries or comments directly addressing issues relevant to and making explicit links between social justice and public health.
If your posting is only about social justice/political issues, or only about public health issues, and does not explicitly connect issues of social justice & public health, please do not post it on this listserv.
Please note that the listserv does not accept attachments. For petitions, please post only the text, accompanied by the explicit instruction not to reply to the listserv but to reply to you directly with signatures.
Community email addresses:
Post message: spiritof1848@yahoogroups.com
Subscribe: spiritof1848-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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List owner: spiritof1848-owner@yahoogroups.com
Web page: www.spiritof1848.org
To subscribe or un-subscribe send an e-mail to the address specified above with the word "subscribe" or "unsubscribe" in the subject line. To change to digest mode (one daily e-mail containing the day's postings), you need to access your account via the YahooGroups website and select the digest option under "Message Delivery."
For more information, please see the Spiritof1848 Listserv Semi-Regular Reminder or e-mail the list owner.
SPIRIT OF 1848 MISSION STATEMENT
November 2002
The Spirit of 1848: A Network linking Politics, Passion, and Public Health
Purpose and Structure:
The Spirit of 1848 is a network of people concerned about social inequalities in health. Our purpose is to spur new connections among the many of us involved in different areas of public health, who are working on diverse public health issues (whether as researchers, practitioners, teachers, activists, or all of the above), and live scattered across diverse regions of the United States and other countries. In doing so, we hope to help counter the fragmentation that many of us face: within and between disciplines, within and between work on particular diseases or health problems, and within and between different organizations geared to specific issues or social groups. By making connections, we can overcome some of the isolation that we feel and find others with whom we can develop our thoughts, strategize, and enhance efforts to eliminate social inequalities in health.
Our common focus is that we are all working, in one way or another, to understand and change how social divisions based on social class, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, and age affect the public's health. As an activist and scholarly network, we have established four committees to conduct our work:
1) Public Health Data: this committee will focus on how and why we measure and study social inequalities in health, and develop projects to influence the collection of data in US vital statistics, health surveys, and disease registries.
2) Curriculum: this committee will focus on how public health and other health professionals and students are trained, and will gather and share information about (and possibly develop) courses and materials to spur critical thinking about social inequalities in health, in their present and historical context.
3) E-Networking: this committee will focus on networking and communication within the Spirit of 1848, using e-mail, web page, newsletters, and occasional mailings; it also coordinates the newly established student poster session.
4) History: this committee is in liaison with the Sigerist Circle, an already established organization of public health and medical historians who use critical theory (Marxian, feminist, post-colonial, and otherwise) to illuminate the history of public health and how we have arrived where we are today; its presence in the Spirit of 1848 will help to ensure that our network's projects are grounded in this sense of history, complexity, and context.
Work among these committees will be coordinated by our Coordinating Committee, which consists of chair/co-chairs and the chairs/co-chairs of each of the four sub-committees. To ensure accountability, all public activities sponsored by the Spirit of 1848 (e.g., public statements, mailings, sessions at conferences, other public actions) will be organized by these committees and approved by the Coordinating Committee (which will communicate on at least a monthly basis). Annual meetings of the network (so that we can actually see each other and talk together) will take place at the yearly American Public Health Association meetings. Finally, please note that we are NOT a dues-paying membership organization. Instead, we are an activist, volunteer network: you become part of the Spirit of 1848 by working on one of our projects, through one of our committees--and we invite you to join in!
NB: for additional information the Spirit of 1848 and our choice of name, see:
--Coordinating Committee of Spirit of 1848 (Krieger N, Zapata C, Murrain M, Barnett E, Parsons PE, Birn AE). Spirit of 1848: a network linking politics, passion, and public health. Critical Public Health 1998; 8:97-103.
--Krieger N, Birn AE. A vision of social justice as the foundation of public health: commemorating 150 years of the spirit of 1848. Am J Public Health 1998; 88:1603-6 .
Community email addresses:
Post message: spiritof1848@yahoogroups.com
Subscribe: spiritof1848-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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List owner: spiritof1848-owner@yahoogroups.com
Web page: www.spiritof1848.org
First issued: Fall 1994; revised: November 2001; November 2001; November 2002
************** Selected notable events in and around 1848 *****************
1840-1847: Louis Rene Villermé publishes the first major study of workers' health in France, A Description of the Physical and Moral State of Workers Employed in Cotton, Linen, and Silk Mills (1840) and Flora Tristan, based in France, publishes her London Journal: A Survey of London Life in the 1830s (1840), a pathbreaking account of the extreme poverty and poor health of its working classes; in England, Edwin Chadwick publishes General Report on Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population in Great Britain (1842); first child labor laws in the Britain and the United States (1842); end of the Second Seminole War (1842); prison reform movement in the United States initiated by Dorothea Dix (1843); Frederick Engels publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844); John Griscom publishes The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of New York with Suggestions for Its Improvement (1845); Irish famine (1845-1848); start of US-Mexican war (1846); Frederick Douglass founds The North Star, an anti-slavery newspaper (1847); Southwood Smith publishes An Address to the Working Classes of the United Kingdom on their Duty in the Present State of the Sanitary Question (1847)
1848:
World-wide cholera epidemic
Uprisings in Berlin, Paris, Vienna, Sicily, Milan, Naples, Parma, Rome, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, and Dakar; start of Second Sikh war against British in India
In the midst of the 1848 revolution in Germany, Rudolf Virchow founds the medical journal Medical Reform (Die Medizinische Reform), and publishes his classic "Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia," in which he concludes that preserving health and preventing disease requires "full and unlimited democracy"
Revolution in France, abdication of Louis Philippe, worker uprising in Paris, and founding of The Second Republic, which creates a public health advisory committee attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and establishes network of local public health councils
First Public Health Act in Britain, which creates a General Board of Health, empowered to establish local boards of health to deal with the water supply, sewerage, cemeteries, and control of "offensive trades," and also to conduct surveys of sanitary conditions
The newly formed American Medical Association sets up a Public Hygiene Committee to address public health issues
First Women's Rights Convention in the United States, at Seneca Falls
Seneca Nation of Indians makes and adopts its Constitution for elected government
Henry Thoreau publishes Civil Disobedience, to protest paying taxes to support the United State's war against Mexico
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
1849-1854: Elizabeth Blackwell sets up the New York Dispensary for Poor Women and Children (1849); John Snow publishes On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (1849); Lemuel Shattuck publishes Report of the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts (1850); founding of the London Epidemiological Society (1850); Indian Wars in the southwest and far west (1849-1892); Compromise of 1850 retains slavery in the United States and Fugitive Slave Act passed; Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852); Sojourner Truth delivers her "Ain't I a Woman" speech at the Fourth Seneca Fall convention (1853); John Snow removes the handle of the Broad Street Pump to stop the cholera epidemic in London (1854)
Ready?
Nancy Krieger, PhD
Dept of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 717
Boston, MA 02115
Phone: 617-432-1571
Fax: 617-432-3123
nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu