Abstract
Closing Research Gaps in Clinical Preventive Services
Carrie Klabunde, PhD1, Elizabeth Neilson, PhD, MPH, MSN2 and Jennifer Villani, PhD, MPH1
(1)National Institutes of Health, Office of Disease Prevention, Bethesda, MD, (2)NIH Office of Disease Prevention, Bethesda, MD
APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10 - Nov. 14)
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is a 16-member panel of national experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine whose mission is to improve the health of Americans by making evidence-based recommendations for clinical preventive services such as screenings, counseling services, and preventive medications that can be offered in the primary care setting or referred by a primary care clinician. Scientific, administrative, and dissemination support for the USPSTF is provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The National Institutes of Health (NIH)—through the Office of Disease Prevention—coordinates with AHRQ in support of the USPSTF to ensure that the Task Force’s evidence reports and recommendations are informed by the most current NIH-supported research. Through a rigorous process of reviewing evidence on preventive services topics, the USPSTF identifies needs in prevention research. It also issues “insufficient evidence” (I) statements which highlight gaps in the evidence base that prevent the Task Force from recommending for or against certain preventive services. Currently there are 54 USPSTF I statements, and limited understanding among clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers about how to interpret them. NIH is collaborating with AHRQ to disseminate and address research gaps identified by the USPSTF. This presentation will describe methods used by the USPSTF to reach an I statement finding, the types of evidence gaps reflected in these findings, and NIH activities to increase awareness of USPSTF I statements as research opportunities and to stimulate new research to close critical research gaps in clinical preventive services.
Public health or related education Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Public health or related public policy Public health or related research
Abstract
Working to Address Health-Equity Research Gaps in Community Settings
Elizabeth Neilson, PhD, MPH, MSN1, Carrie Klabunde, PhD2 and Jennifer Villani, PhD, MPH2
(1)NIH Office of Disease Prevention, Bethesda, MD, (2)National Institutes of Health, Office of Disease Prevention, Bethesda, MD
APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10 - Nov. 14)
Modeled after the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the 15-member Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) is an independent, nonfederal panel of public health and prevention experts that provides evidence-based findings and recommendations about community preventive services, programs, and other interventions aimed at improving population health. Support for the CPSTF is provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention coordinates with the CDC to ensure that CPSTF evidence reports and recommendations are informed by the most current NIH-supported research. The CPSTF reviews scientific evidence on several topics, including health equity (e.g., interventions related to education programs and policies; housing; cultural competency). Although to date the CPSTF has issued eight health equity recommendations, it was unable to make recommendations for the following interventions because of insufficient scientific evidence:
• Year-Round Schooling
• Expanded In-School Learning Time
• Out-of-School-Time Academic Programs with Minimal Academic Content
• Cultural Competency Training for Healthcare Providers
• Culturally Specific Healthcare Settings
• Programs to Recruit and Retain Staff Who Reflect the Community's Cultural Diversity
• Use of Interpreter Services or Bilingual Providers
• Use of Linguistically and Culturally Appropriate Health Education Materials
• Mixed-Income Housing Developments
This presentation will discuss evidence gaps identified by the CPSTF, as well as NIH activities designed to expand the knowledge base and develop effective individual-, community-, and population-level interventions to overcome disparities in health status and health care delivery among racial and ethnic minority groups, rural populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, and other populations.
Public health or related education Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Public health or related public policy Public health or related research
Abstract
NIH Collaborations to Improve Health Equity in Prevention
Dionne Godette, PhD1 and Rachel M. Ballard, MD, MPH2
(1)National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, (2)National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention, Bethesda, MD
APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10 - Nov. 14)
The NIH Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) uses coordination and collaboration as primary strategies for enhancing prevention research across the NIH Institutes and Centers and with other federal agency and private sector partners. ODP-supported collaborations address cross-cutting topics that have unmet prevention research needs. Topics are selected to address gaps in science around the leading causes of mortality in the United States, as well as those identified by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the Community Prevention Services Task Force (CPSTF), and other similar panels that evaluate scientific evidence in making clinical and public health recommendations. ODP’s coordination and collaboration strategies are designed to significantly reduce priority evidence gaps as well as to lessen health disparities. Recent priority topics include:
• Screening in children
• Screening in adults
• Genetics of prevention
• Interventions to prevent or delay the onset of comorbid diseases
• Evaluating environmental, policy and system-level interventions
• Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
• Physical activity
This presentation will describe NIH collaborative initiatives around prevention and highlight their intended objectives related to narrowing health equity gaps.
Public health or related education Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Public health or related public policy Public health or related research
Abstract
NIH Prevention Research on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)
Helen Meissner, PhD1, Kay Wanke, PhD and Helen Meissner, PhD1
(1)National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10 - Nov. 14)
An ongoing debate in tobacco control is whether or not Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) are safe and effective in helping adult smokers quit their addiction to combustible cigarettes. While some public health and medical experts believe ENDS should be available to help adults quit smoking, there has been little research to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ENDS specifically for smoking cessation. Consequently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend ENDS for tobacco cessation in adults.
Manufacturers have yet to apply for or receive approval to market ENDS as a pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence in the U.S. Applying to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market a product for smoking cessation entails an expensive and extensive review process, which precludes academic researchers and many manufacturers from pursuing this line of inquiry. However, research on toxicity, use and appeal of ENDS that is not intended to assess “therapeutic” uses of the product (e.g., smoking cessation) is ongoing and is largely supported through a National Institutes of Health (NIH) partnership with the FDA Center for Tobacco Products. This presentation will describe the scope of NIH-FDA ENDS research and how findings may be used to inform public health policy regarding these tobacco products.
Public health or related education Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Public health or related public policy Public health or related research