From the aerial bombing of hospitals in Syria to the targeted killing of health workers in Afghanistan, health care is under attack. This violence against health care systems is on the rise across the globe, endangering health and human rights. Despite decades of international statements to grant neutrality to medical services, both on and off the battlefield, assaults against health care workers are becoming increasingly prevalent – violating humanitarian law, undermining human rights, and threatening public health. The expansion of such violence against health systems has prompted international institutions to develop systematic accountability mechanisms to alleviate these harms, protecting health workers from being harmed for their healing efforts. This presentation examines the development and implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Surveillance System of Attacks on Healthcare (SSA) to monitor attacks on health systems and facilitate accountability for rights violations. International humanitarian law has evolved to establish the neutrality of health workers and protect the delivery of health in times of conflict. Yet, where these international standards have failed to prevent attacks on health care, states developed the WHO SSA as an international basis to monitor these harms to health systems. This presentation considers the data provided by the SSA and analyzes whether the SSA has collected the necessary data, categorized these data appropriately, and shared sufficient information for accountability. Although the SSA provides a foundation for monitoring attacks, refinements to this monitoring mechanism will be necessary to assure human rights accountability and public health protection through global health governance.