Abstract
Evaluating Smart Assistant Responses for Accuracy and Misinformation Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Content Analysis Study
John Ferrand, MPH1, Eric Walsh-Buhi, MPH, PhD2, Ryli Hockensmith1 and Rebecca Houghton, MPA1
(1)Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, (2)Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
APHA's 2020 VIRTUAL Annual Meeting and Expo (Oct. 24 - 28)
Almost half (46%) of Americans have used a digital voice assistant and 25% have used a stand-alone smart assistant (SA) (e.g., Amazon Echo). This positions SAs as useful modalities for retrieving health-related information; however, the accuracy of SA responses lacks rigorous evaluation. Therefore, we systematically examined responses to questions related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine from the 4 most popular SAs: Apple’s Siri, Google’s Assistant, Amazon’s Alexa, and Microsoft’s Cortana. One team member conducted and recorded all queries and responses. Two raters independently coded the responses (kappa=0.85), and assessed differences between the 4 SAs on measures of response accuracy, presence of misinformation, and sentiment towards the HPV vaccine. A total of 112 responses resulted from the 10 questions posed across the 4 SAs. Over half (57%) of SA responses contained accurate responses. We found statistical differences across the SAs, X2 (3, N = 112) = 12.13, p < .01, with Cortana yielding the greatest proportion of misinformation. Alexa returned the greatest proportion of accurate responses (80%), whereas Cortana yielded the greatest proportion of inaccurate responses (46%). Most response sentiments across SAs were positive (64%) or neutral (18%), but Cortana’s responses yielded the largest proportion of negative sentiments (11%). SAs appear to be average-quality sources, with Alexa being the most reliable. Cortana returned the largest proportion of inaccurate responses, most misinformation, and the greatest proportion of results with negative sentiments. More collaboration with tech companies is necessary to improve retrieval of accurate health information via SAs.
Protection of the public in relation to communicable diseases including prevention or control Public health or related research
Abstract
Why didn’t I know about this? overlapping absences of postmenopausal black women in clinical gynecology, cancer disparities, & reproductive justice
Kemi Doll, MD, MS
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
APHA's 2020 VIRTUAL Annual Meeting and Expo (Oct. 24 - 28)
Endometrial cancer (EC) exists at the nexus of gynecology, oncology, and reproductive health. U.S. Black women with EC have a 90% higher mortality risk than White women. This disparity is driven by a modifiable factor: stage at diagnosis, where 70% percent of White women, versus 53% of Black women, are diagnosed early. Prior analysis of population-level data and qualitative interviews showed that Black women are less likely to receive guideline-concordant gynecologic care before diagnosis, that they report misinterpretation of common EC symptoms, and they experience healthcare provider reactions to symptom disclosure that are misaligned with their cancer risk. These findings formed the basis of this study – a critical analysis of clinical gynecology, cancer disparities, and reproductive justice discourses, to determine how they represent Black women at risk of EC. Data sources were professional society clinical guideline statements, published academic and clinical reviews, and interview transcripts from 15 Black EC survivors. I find that embodied postmenopausal Black women are absent from these discursive spaces in which they belong - in particular ways that can be traced, and that overlap to create a hyper-vulnerability which contributes to advance stage at diagnosis for Black women with EC. I interpret these discursive patterns through the lens of structural racism, directly with the consequence of biological racial definitions and indirectly with the shape of the resistance movement of reproductive justice. I conclude with recommendations for discursive shifts for public health discourse to more accurately represent the experience and gynecologic risks of postmenopausal Black women.
Advocacy for health and health education Other professions or practice related to public health Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Provision of health care to the public Public health or related organizational policy, standards, or other guidelines Social and behavioral sciences
Abstract
Risk factors and interventions for male perpetration of intimate partner violence: A review
Camille Clare, MD, MPH1, Gabriela Velasquez, MS, MPH2, Gabriela Mujica Martorell2, David Fernandez2, Jacqueline Dinh, MS2 and Angela Montague, LCSW-R3
(1)New York Medical College, New York, NY, (2)New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, (3)New York City Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, New York, NY
APHA's 2020 VIRTUAL Annual Meeting and Expo (Oct. 24 - 28)
background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as violence or aggression that occurs in a close relationship between current and/or former intimate partners, affecting nearly 7% of women and 4% of men in their lifetime, and most often starting before 18 years of age. Despite the growing body of evidence on IPV perpetration, most have focused on interventions for women and for screening and referral strategies by physicians and other non-physician primary health care workers with limited discussion on interventions for male perpetrators.
objectives: The objective of this paper is a review of the literature on male perpetration, the role of firearms in IPV, and the effectiveness of interventions to address intimate partner violence by adult and adolescent males.
methods: The databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences were searched for the years of 1980 up to April 11, 2018. 124 articles were screened, and 85 articles were reviewed based on a modified PRISMA method.
results: Common risk factors for both the perpetration of IPV and male interpersonal violence include substance abuse; growing up in a violent home/witnessing violence at an early age; gendered motivations to aggressive behavior, socioeconomic norms and conditioning; and access to firearms.
conclusions: Intimate partner violence is a complex interplay of individual, community based, social and policy factors. Determining the risk factors for male perpetration of IPV may influence screening and referral strategies among physicians and non-physician health care workers with a special emphasis on males in adolescence and into adulthood.
Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Clinical medicine applied in public health Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs Other professions or practice related to public health Public health or related education Social and behavioral sciences
Abstract
Phase one findings from a randomized control trial: Examining impact of an online, gamified sexuality education intervention for high-risk youth
Kimberlee Hartzler-Weakley, Ph.D.
James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA
APHA's 2020 VIRTUAL Annual Meeting and Expo (Oct. 24 - 28)
Introduction: Through a grant from the ACYF-FYSB, JMU developed “Vision of You”, an interactive, self-paced online sexuality education program that uses engaging video, animation, interactive components, and gamification to serve high-risk youth residing in rural areas of Virginia with high teen birth rates. The target population for this RCT is adjudicated youth and youth who are being educated in non-traditional settings, ages 13-19 or grades 9-12. These non-traditional settings include: (1) juvenile detention centers, (2) alternative education programs, (3) third-party service provider programs, or (4) Community Services Board programs. VOY is being implemented in 27 sites with 720 youth across Virginia. These population subsets are not only transient and hard to reach through traditional approaches and programs but they also exhibit multiple risk factors indicating a significant need for an innovative intervention. This study investigated the impact of VOY on the frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, and frequency of contraceptive use among high-risk youth.
Methods: Data from youth in both treatment and control groups was collected via web-based survey at four points in time: baseline, immediately post-program, 3-months post-program, and 9-months post-program. This study assessed the following outcomes: frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, frequency of contraceptive use, and knowledge/skills related healthy relationships, healthy life skills, parent-child communication, and adolescent development. Implementation measures were also assessed.
Results: Utilizing an interactive online sexuality education program based on gamification principles has demonstrated promising implications for impacting knowledge, attitudes, skills, and sexual risk behavior among high-risk youth.
Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Conduct evaluation related to programs, research, and other areas of practice Implementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Public health or related education Public health or related research
Abstract
Innovative methods of sexually transmitted infection screening for women experiencing sexual assault
Stacey Griner, PhD, MPH, RDH1, Cheryl Vamos, PhD, MPH2, Joseph Puccio, MD2, Jason Beckstead, PhD2, Karen Perrin, PhD, MPH, CPH3 and Ellen Daley, PhD, MPH2
(1)University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, (2)University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, (3)University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL
APHA's 2020 VIRTUAL Annual Meeting and Expo (Oct. 24 - 28)
Background: Sexual assault rates remain high among women in the college setting. In addition to psychological outcomes of sexual assault, physical outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) should also be considered. Self-sampling methods (SSM) for STI screening may be an innovative, trauma-informed approach to consider for people experiencing sexual assault, however, little research has explored women’s perceptions. Thus, this study’s purpose is to assess women’s perceptions of SSM for STI screening among people experiencing sexual assault.
Methods: Sexually active college women, age 18-24 were interviewed (n=24) regarding their overall perceptions of SSM for STI screening. Interviews were analyzed thematically by two coders (Kappa=.83). The data generated an emergent theme that was not included in the a-priori theory-based coding. This emergent theme focused on SSM for women who have experienced sexual assault.
Results: Participants described women who have experienced sexual assault may not feel comfortable seeing male healthcare providers for STI screening after a traumatic event. SSM were viewed as an option to allow women to feel safe, ensure privacy, and avoid re-traumatization by communicating about her experience to others. Participants also felt that Victim’s Advocacy Centers, Women’s Centers, and Counseling Centers on college campuses should have SSM available.
Discussion: Results from this research identified a potential sub-population who may benefit from the use of SSM for STI screening. These findings can be used to inform the development of targeted, trauma-informed interventions to meet the needs of women who have experienced sexual assault and improve rates of STI screening.
Planning of health education strategies, interventions, and programs Social and behavioral sciences