Abstract

Exploring the extended parallel processing model in the context of repeated exposure to hurricanes and COVID-19

Dana Rose Garfin, PhD1, Rebecca Thompson, PhD1 and Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, PhD2
(1)University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, (2)Stanford University, Stanford, CA

APHA 2021 Annual Meeting and Expo

The 2020 hurricane season threatened millions of Americans concurrently grappling with COVID-19. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) provides a framework to understand individual-level mitigation decisions: Inputs from external stimuli (e.g., media exposure) lead to threat processing including perceived efficacy (self and response-efficacy) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), guiding adaptive behaviors. Prior EPPM research has not explored type of media-based input (e.g., social media vs. traditional sources) and mitigation behavior for both an episodic (e.g., hurricane) and chronic (e.g., COVID-19) threat. We surveyed a representative sample of Florida and Texas residents (N=2,507) between 5/14/2020 and 5/27/2020; many had previous hurricane exposure; all were previously assessed between 9/8/2017-9/11/2017. We tested whether: 1) EPPM explains engagement in protective behaviors, and 2) there are differential effects from social vs. traditional media. Two generalized structural equation models tested indirect and direct effects of EPPM variables on 1) COVID-19 mitigation (i.e., hand washing, mask-wearing, and social distancing) and 2) hurricane preparation behaviors. Results found some support for the EPPM. Self- and response-efficacy was associated with hand-washing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and hurricane preparation (all ps<.002). Perceived susceptibility was associated with social distancing (p=.017) and hurricane preparation (p<.001). Perceived severity was associated with social distancing (p<.001). Traditional media exhibited indirect effects on COVID-19 mitigation through increased response efficacy (ps<.05) and on hurricane preparation through increased self- and response-efficacy and perceived susceptibility (ps<.05). Social media was not associated with mitigation behaviors. Research should explore how social media campaigns can more effectively increase threat mitigation response.

Communication and informatics Epidemiology Public health or related public policy Public health or related research Social and behavioral sciences