Background. Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease resurging in many countries. Measles virus transmission has occurred on aircraft. CDC coordinates aircraft contact investigations (CIs) for measles with follow-up by health departments of jurisdiction for exposed travelers.

Objectives. To characterize individuals with measles who traveled on commercial aircraft while infectious, outcomes of resulting CIs, and trends in aircraft exposures from January 1, 2020, through February 28, 2024.

Methods. Primary cases were defined as laboratory-confirmed measles in individuals who traveled on commercial aircraft while infectious. Contacts were defined as passengers seated within 2 rows of an infected traveler, crew serving infected travelers, and all infants-in-arms. Health departments provided CI outcomes data to CDC. Deidentified case and contact data were analyzed using SQL and Excel.

Results. Thirty-seven primary cases were reported; 17 (46%) occurred September 2023 through February 2024; 36 (97%) were associated with international travel. The age range for infected travelers was 6 months to 44 years. Of 17 (46%) with available vaccination status, 14 (82%) were unvaccinated. Outcomes for 501/1,555 (32%) identified contacts were recorded; health departments reported that 399/501 (80%) contacts were immune to measles. One secondary case was identified in an unvaccinated child.

Conclusions. Nearly half of the measles cases in air travelers during the analysis period occurred in the last five months. Most primary cases with available data were in unvaccinated persons and associated with international travel. Outcomes reporting was low; however, 80% of contacts with reported outcomes were immune, and transmission on aircraft was rare.

Guinea, like many African countries, was affected not only by the Ebola epidemic in 2014, but also by COVID-19 between 2020 and 2022. Numerous activities have been carried out to control epidemics, including vaccination. In order to better understand the perceptions and reasons for the population's reluctance to be vaccinated against these epidemics, a series of studies was carried out, the aim of which was to contribute to the success of the epidemic vaccination campaign in the country. More specifically, the aim was to measure the population's perception of vaccination against COVID-19, and to identify the main factors that would encourage people to refuse to be vaccinated. The results showed that the intention to be vaccinated against Covid19 was 40% over the 2 years of the study. Reasons given for reluctance to vaccinate included low levels of information about the benefits of Covid19 vaccines and potential vaccine side effects. The main recommendations for successful vaccination made by the 1,200 respondents were to improve the quality of information on the side effects and risks associated with vaccines; and to organize social and community mobilization campaigns.

Background: The newly approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) monoclonal antibody (MA), released autumn of 2023, is an important prevention measure against severe infection in newborns. This analysis examines data from the local immunization information system (IIS) to identify factors associated with receipt of MA.

Objective(s): Examine the relationship between demographic, regional, and other health indicators, and the probability of having received MA. Healthy Places Index (HPI) quartiles, assess neighborhood health equity calculated using twenty-three social determinants of health factors.

Methods: Data for this analysis were obtained from the IIS and study population included County of San Diego resident babies who were born between January 1, 2023 - February 29, 2024. Babies who received MA were compared to those who did not but received at least one other vaccine in same timeframe. Associations were estimated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results: This model showed several factors were significantly associated with having received MA. Several racial minority groups were more likely to have received MA (Asian, Black, and Other; OR=1.3, 1.2, and 1.9, p < 0.01) as compared to the referent group of Whites. There was a negative relationship between HPI and receipt of MA (highest HPI compared to lowest HPI; OR = 0.74, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: HPI and other demographics reliably predict the probability of having received MA during its first season of availability and could be utilized by public health professionals to focus limited resources. Further understanding of vaccine-related narratives is needed to effectively address the gap in vaccine inequalities.

Background: The County of Santa Clara Public Health Department established an mpox disease investigation (DI) team as part of its 2022 outbreak response. While DI is traditionally evaluated through treatment completion status, a composite measure incorporates additional outcomes for a holistic understanding of the effectiveness of DI services.

Objective: This study applied a composite measure to assess process outcomes achieved through DI services.

Methods: This process evaluation was conducted for mpox case and contact investigations completed between June – December 2022. We used a composite measure to calculate the number of investigations needed to achieve at least one of the following outcomes: (1) treatment completion, (2) monitoring completion, (3) partial vaccine dose completion, (4) full vaccination series completion, and (5) STI and HIV testing. Data were extracted, matched and tabulated from statewide surveillance and contact tracing systems.

Results: A total of 214 case and 272 contact investigations were conducted which yielded 1,043 achieved outcomes. Each case investigation led to 2.38 achieved outcomes and each contact investigation led to 1.96 achieved outcomes. Of the 99 cases eligible for treatment, 1.01 case investigations yielded 1 treatment completion; 1.19 case and contact investigations yielded 1 monitoring completion; 2.21 contact investigations yielded 1 partial vaccine completion; 3.53 contact investigations yielded 1 full dose vaccine completion; and 2.25 case and contact investigations yielded 1 STI or HIV test.

Conclusions: The mpox DI team achieved several outcomes during the outbreak response. Health departments are encouraged to formulate and apply a composite measure when evaluating DI services.