Approximately 34 million Americans rely on private wells for drinking water, which are excluded from the Safe Drinking Water Act. This is a public health concern because toxic chemicals such as arsenic, nitrate and lead are frequently detected in drinking water in private wells at concentrations that exceed this act’s maximum contaminant levels. Exposure to toxics increase the risk of several chronic diseases. Currently there are no comprehensive treatment decision-making materials available.

Objectives/Purpose

To create user-friendly, culturally appropriate, and scientifically accurate educational materials to support private well water owners. To increase awareness of private well water contaminant risks. To provide guidance on treatment and remediations options.

Methods

We used mixed-methods to develop risk communication messages to increase well water testing. We collected available materials and drafted a set of materials with an overview of exposures, health effects, prevention tips, and best treatment options for arsenic, nitrate, and lead. These materials were reviewed by local environmental health experts for scientific accuracy. We conducted product testing in focus groups in both English and Spanish. Participants were asked to evaluate our guides for clarity, thoroughness of information and ease of understanding. These versions were further tested via a survey for preferred content, format, and usability.

Results

Changes requested were to highlight health effects pertaining to adults and to include pictures of Hispanic/Latinx families. Other changes involved adding more visuals, and simplifying the content.

Conclusion

This work has the potential to significantly increase domestic well water quality, safety and remediation.