Background: The aging population in Egypt continues to contribute to the labor force beyond the age of 60. However, chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes may lead to a decline in productivity over time. This study examines the impact of urban and rural lifestyles on productivity decline among Egyptian older adults in the labor force, with a focus on the effects of hypertension and diabetes over a five-year follow-up period.

Methods: A longitudinal study design was used to track changes in productivity among Egyptian workers aged 60 and older. Data on health status, including hypertension and diabetes diagnoses, were collected alongside employment performance measures. Linear mixed models were applied to assess the effect of these chronic conditions on productivity decline, comparing urban and rural populations while adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results: Findings suggest that older adults residing in urban areas are at a higher risk of developing hypertension and diabetes compared to their rural counterparts. Consequently, urban workers experience a more significant decline in productivity over time. In contrast, rural older adults demonstrate a slower rate of decline, potentially due to differences in lifestyle, physical activity, and access to healthcare.

Conclusion: Urban lifestyles may contribute to a greater burden of hypertension and diabetes, accelerating productivity decline among aging workers in Egypt. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including health promotion programs and workplace accommodations, to support older workers and sustain their contributions to the labor force.